JEE Advanced · Chemistry · 16. Solutions
Paragraph:
Properties such as boiling point, freezing point and vapour pressure of a pure solvent change when solute molecules are added to get homogeneous solution. These are called colligative properties. Applications of colligative properties are very useful in day-to-day life. One of its examples is the use of ethylene glycol and water mixture as anti-freezing liquid in the radiator automobiles.
A solution \(M\) is prepared by mixing ethanol and water. The mole fraction of ethanol in the mixtrue is \(0.9\)
Given Freezing point depression constant of water \(\left(k^{\text {water }}\right)=1.86 \mathrm{~K} \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\)
Freezing point depression constant of ethanol \(\left(k_f^{\text {ethanol }}\right)=2.0 \mathrm{Kkg} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\)
Boiling point elevation constant of water \(\left(k_b^{\text {water }}\right)=0.52 \mathrm{Kkg} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\)
Boiling point elevation constant of ethanol \(\left(k_b^{\text {ethanol }}\right)=1.2 \mathrm{Kkg} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\)
Standard freezing point of water \(=273 \mathrm{~K}\)
Standard freezing point of ethanol \(=155.7 \mathrm{~K}\)
Standard boiling point of water \(=373 \mathrm{~K}\)
Standard boiling point of ethanol \(=351.5 \mathrm{~K}\)
Vapour pressure of pure water \(=328 \mathrm{~mm}\) of \(\mathrm{Hg}\)
Vapour pressure of pure ethanol \(=40 \mathrm{~mm}\) of \(\mathrm{Hg}\)
Molecular weight of water \(=18 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\)
Molecular weight of ethanol \(=46 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\)
In answering the following questions, consider the solutions to be ideal dilute solutions and solutes to be non-volatile and non-dissociative.
Question:
The freezing point of the solution \(M\) is
- A \(268.7 \mathrm{~K}\)
- B \(268.5 \mathrm{~K}\)
- C \(234.2 \mathrm{~K}\)
- D \(150.9 \mathrm{~K}\)
Answer & Solution
Correct Answer
(D) \(150.9 \mathrm{~K}\)
Step-by-step Solution
Detailed explanation
Solution \(M\) is mixture of ethanol and water.
Mole fraction of ethanol is \(0.9 \Rightarrow\) Solvent is \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{OH}\)
Mole fraction of water is \(0.1 \Rightarrow \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\) is solute
Molality of \(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}=\frac{n_2}{n_1 M_1}=\frac{0.1}{0.9 \times 46} \times 1000=2.415\)
\(
\Delta T_f=k_f \cdot m=2 \times 2.415=4.83
\)
or Freezing point of solution \(=155.7-4.83=150.87 \mathrm{~K}\)
Mole fraction of ethanol is \(0.9 \Rightarrow\) Solvent is \(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_5 \mathrm{OH}\)
Mole fraction of water is \(0.1 \Rightarrow \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}\) is solute
Molality of \(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}=\frac{n_2}{n_1 M_1}=\frac{0.1}{0.9 \times 46} \times 1000=2.415\)
\(
\Delta T_f=k_f \cdot m=2 \times 2.415=4.83
\)
or Freezing point of solution \(=155.7-4.83=150.87 \mathrm{~K}\)
See the Complete Solution
Get step-by-step explanations for this and 2.5 Lakh+ more JEE, NEET & CET questions.
- Unlock all solutions
- Practice the full chapter
- Track accuracy across PYQs
4.8 rated on Google Play · 14,000+ reviews
More questions from Chemistry
- Based on VSEPR theory, the number of 90 degree \(\mathrm{F}-\mathrm{Br}-\mathrm{F}\) angles in \(\mathrm{BrF}_5\) isJEE Advanced 2010 Hard
- Match each of the reactions given in Column I with the corresponding products(s) given in Column II.
JEE Advanced 2009 Medium - Given, that the abundances of isotopes, \({ }_{54} \mathrm{Fe},{ }_{56} \mathrm{~F}\) and \({ }_{57} \mathrm{Fe}\) are \(5 \%\), \(90 \%\) and \(5 \%\), respectively, the atomic mass of \(\mathrm{Fe}\) isJEE Advanced 2009 Medium
- Consider the following cell reaction,
\(2 \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{O}_2(g)+4 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \)
\( 2 \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(l), E^{\circ}=1.67 \mathrm{~V} \)
\( \text {At } {\left[\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}\right]=10^{-3} \mathrm{M}, \mathrm{P}\left(\mathrm{O}_2\right)=0.1 \mathrm{~atm}}\)
and \(\mathrm{pH}=3\), the cell potential at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) isJEE Advanced 2011 Easy - The total number of possible isomers for is___.JEE Advanced 2021 Medium
- The complex showing a spin-only magnetic moment of \(2.82\) B.M. isJEE Advanced 2010 Medium
More PYQs from JEE Advanced
- Two point-like objects of masses and are fixed at the two ends of a rigid massless rod of length . This system is suspended vertically from a rigid ceiling using a thin wire attached to its center of mass, as shown in the figure. The resulting torsional pendulum undergoes small oscillations. The torsional constant of the wire is . The angular frequency of the oscillations in . The value of is _____.
JEE Advanced 2023 Easy - Paragraph:
Scientists are working hard to develop nuclear fusion reactor. Nuclei of heavy hydrogen, \({ }_1^2 \mathrm{H}\) known as deuteron and denoted by \(D\) can be thought of as a candidate for fusion reactor. The \(D\) - \(D\) reaction is \({ }_1^2 \mathrm{H}+{ }_1^2 \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_2^3 \mathrm{He}+n+\) energy. In the core of fusion reactor. A gas of heavy hydrogen is fully ionized into deuteron nuclei and electrons. This collection of \({ }_1^4 \mathrm{H}\) nuclei and electrons is known as plasma. The nuclei move randomly in the reactor core and occasionally come close enough for nuclear fusion to take place. Usually, the temperatures in the reactor core are too high and no material wall can be used to confine the plasma. Special techniques are used which confine the plasma for a time \(t_0\) before the particles fly away from the core. If n is the density (number/volume) of deutrons, the product t \(_0\) is called Lawson number. In one of the criteria, \(a\) reactor is termed successful if Lawson number is greater than \(5 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{scm}^{-3}\).
It may be helpful to use the following : Boltzmann constant \(k=8.6 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{eV} / \mathrm{K}\); \(\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \varepsilon_0}=1.44 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{eVm}\)
Question:
Assume that two deuteron nuclei in the core of fusion reactor at temperature \(T\) are moving towards each other, each with kinetic energy \(1.5 \mathrm{kT}\), when the separation between them is large enough to neglect Coulomb potential energy. Also neglect any interaction from other particles in the core. The minimum temperature \(T\) required for them to reach a separation of \(4 \times 10^{-15} \mathrm{~m}\) is in the rangeJEE Advanced 2009 Medium - Consider the following molecules : , and . Count the number of atoms existing in their zero oxidation state in each molecule. Their sum isJEE Advanced 2023 Easy
- Let \(P(6,3)\) be a point on the hyperbola \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1\). If the normal at the point \(P\) intersects the \(X\)-axis at \((9,0)\), then the eccentricity of the hyperbola isJEE Advanced 2011 Easy
- Upon heating with , the reagent(s) that give copper metal is/areJEE Advanced 2014 Medium
- As per IUPAC nomenclature, the name of the complex \(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{4}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{2}\right] \mathrm{Cl}_{3}\) is :JEE Advanced 2012 Easy