WBJEE · Chemistry · Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
The stable bivalency of \(\mathrm{Pb}\) and trivalency of \(\mathrm{Bi}\) is
- A due to \(d\) contraction in \(\mathrm{Pb}\) and \(\mathrm{Bi}\)
- B due to relativistic contraction of the \(6 s\) orbitals of \(\mathrm{Pb}\) and \(\mathrm{Bi}\), leading to inert pair effect
- C due to screening effect
- D due to attainment of noble liquid configuration
Answer & Solution
Correct Answer
(B) due to relativistic contraction of the \(6 s\) orbitals of \(\mathrm{Pb}\) and \(\mathrm{Bi}\), leading to inert pair effect
Step-by-step Solution
Detailed explanation
\(_{82} \mathrm{Pb}=6 \mathrm{s}^{2} 6 p^{2}\) \(_{83}{\mathrm{Bi}}=6 s^{2} 6 p^{3}\) Due to inertness of \(6 s^{2}\) electrons in \(\mathrm{Pb}\) and \(\mathrm{Bi}\), they show bivalency and trivalency respectively instead of tetra and pentavalency.
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