KCET · Chemistry · Amines
Nitration of aniline in strong acidic medium gives significant amount of m-nitroaniline because
- A In electrophilic substitution reaction, amino group is meta directing
- B In strong acidic medium, aniline is present as anilinium ion.
- C \(-\text{NH}_2\) group always directs to meta position.
- D m-nitroaniline has higher molar mass than o & p nitroanilines.
Answer & Solution
Correct Answer
(B) In strong acidic medium, aniline is present as anilinium ion.
Step-by-step Solution
Detailed explanation
In a strong acidic medium, aniline undergoes protonation to form the anilinium ion (\(-\text{NH}_3^+\)).
The \(-\text{NH}_3^+\) group is strongly deactivating and meta-directing in nature.
Due to the formation of this anilinium ion, electrophilic substitution (nitration) occurs at the meta position, yielding a significant amount of m-nitroaniline (about \(47\%\)).
The \(-\text{NH}_2\) group itself is ortho and para directing, but its protonated form directs the incoming electrophile to the meta position.
Answer: In strong acidic medium, aniline is present as anilinium ion.
The \(-\text{NH}_3^+\) group is strongly deactivating and meta-directing in nature.
Due to the formation of this anilinium ion, electrophilic substitution (nitration) occurs at the meta position, yielding a significant amount of m-nitroaniline (about \(47\%\)).
The \(-\text{NH}_2\) group itself is ortho and para directing, but its protonated form directs the incoming electrophile to the meta position.
Answer: In strong acidic medium, aniline is present as anilinium ion.
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