In the experiment of \(Ohm's law,\) a potential difference of \(5.0\, V\) is applied across the end of a conductor of length \(10.0\, cm\) and diameter of \(5.00\, mm .\) The measured current in the conductor is \(2.00\, A\). The maximum permissible percentage error in the resistivity of the conductor is

\(\rho=\frac{ AV }{ I \ell}=\frac{\pi d ^{2} V }{4 I \ell} \quad\left( A =\frac{\pi d ^{2}}{4}\right)\)

\(\therefore \frac{\Delta \rho}{\rho}=\frac{2 \Delta d }{ d }+\frac{\Delta V }{ V }+\frac{\Delta I }{ I }+\frac{\Delta \ell}{\ell}\)

\(\frac{\Delta \rho}{\rho}=2\left(\frac{0.01}{5.00}\right)+\frac{0.1}{5.0}+\frac{0.01}{2.00}+\frac{0.1}{10.0}\)

\(\frac{\Delta \rho}{\rho}=0.004+0.02+0.005+0.01\)

\(\frac{\Delta \rho}{\rho}=0.039\)

\(\%\) error \(=\frac{\Delta \rho}{\rho} \times 100=0.039 \times 100=3.90 \%\)