JEE Advanced · Physics · 27. Atomic Physics
A particle of mass \(m\) is moving in a circular orbit under the influence of the central force \(F(r)=-k r\), corresponding to the potential energy \(V(r)=k r^2 / 2\), where \(k\) is a positive force constant and \(r\) is the radial distance from the origin. According to the Bohr's quantization rule, the angular momentum of the particle is given by \(L=n \hbar\), where \(\hbar=h /(2 \pi), h\) is the Planck's constant, and \(n\) a positive integer. If \(v\) and \(E\) are the speed and total energy of the particle, respectively, then which of the following expression(s) is(are) correct?
- A \(r^2=n \hbar \sqrt{\frac{1}{m k}}\)
- B \(v^2=n \hbar \sqrt{\frac{k}{m^3}}\)
- C \(\frac{L}{m r^2}=\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}\)
- D \(E=\frac{n \hbar}{2} \sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}\)
Answer & Solution
Correct Answer
(A) \(r^2=n \hbar \sqrt{\frac{1}{m k}}\)
Step-by-step Solution
Detailed explanation
The central force will provide necessary centripetal force
\(\Rightarrow \mathrm{kr}=\frac{\mathrm{mv}^2}{\mathrm{r}}\)
or, \(\mathrm{kr}^2=\mathrm{mv}^2\) ...(1)
By quantisation rule
\(\mathrm{n} \hbar=\mathrm{mvr}\)
or, \(\frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\mathrm{r}}=\mathrm{mv}\) ...(2)
\(\begin{aligned} & \frac{(1)}{(2)^2} \Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{kr}^2}{\frac{\mathrm{n}^2 \hbar^2}{\mathrm{r}^2}}=\frac{\mathrm{mv}^2}{\mathrm{~m}^2 \mathrm{v}^2} \\ & \Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{n}^2 \hbar^2} \mathrm{r}^4=\frac{1}{\mathrm{~m}} \\ & \Rightarrow \mathrm{r}=\left(\frac{\mathrm{n}^2 \hbar^2}{\mathrm{~km}}\right)^{\frac{1}{4}} \Rightarrow \mathrm{r}^2=\frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\sqrt{\mathrm{mk}}}\end{aligned}\)
\(\begin{aligned} & \text {(2) Using (1), } \mathrm{K} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\sqrt{\mathrm{mk}}}=\mathrm{mv}^2 \\ & \Rightarrow \mathrm{v}^2=\mathrm{n} \hbar \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}^3}}\end{aligned}\)
(3) \(\frac{\mathrm{L}}{\mathrm{mr}^2}=\frac{\mathrm{mvr}}{\mathrm{mr}^2}=\frac{\mathrm{v}}{\mathrm{r}}=\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}}}\) from (1)
\(\text{(4) } \mathrm{E}=\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{mv}^2+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{kr}^2=\frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{2} \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}}}~+\) \(\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{k} \frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\sqrt{\mathrm{mk}}} \)
\( \mathrm{E}=\mathrm{n} \hbar \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow \mathrm{kr}=\frac{\mathrm{mv}^2}{\mathrm{r}}\)
or, \(\mathrm{kr}^2=\mathrm{mv}^2\) ...(1)
By quantisation rule
\(\mathrm{n} \hbar=\mathrm{mvr}\)
or, \(\frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\mathrm{r}}=\mathrm{mv}\) ...(2)
\(\begin{aligned} & \frac{(1)}{(2)^2} \Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{kr}^2}{\frac{\mathrm{n}^2 \hbar^2}{\mathrm{r}^2}}=\frac{\mathrm{mv}^2}{\mathrm{~m}^2 \mathrm{v}^2} \\ & \Rightarrow \frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{n}^2 \hbar^2} \mathrm{r}^4=\frac{1}{\mathrm{~m}} \\ & \Rightarrow \mathrm{r}=\left(\frac{\mathrm{n}^2 \hbar^2}{\mathrm{~km}}\right)^{\frac{1}{4}} \Rightarrow \mathrm{r}^2=\frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\sqrt{\mathrm{mk}}}\end{aligned}\)
\(\begin{aligned} & \text {(2) Using (1), } \mathrm{K} \cdot \frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\sqrt{\mathrm{mk}}}=\mathrm{mv}^2 \\ & \Rightarrow \mathrm{v}^2=\mathrm{n} \hbar \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}^3}}\end{aligned}\)
(3) \(\frac{\mathrm{L}}{\mathrm{mr}^2}=\frac{\mathrm{mvr}}{\mathrm{mr}^2}=\frac{\mathrm{v}}{\mathrm{r}}=\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}}}\) from (1)
\(\text{(4) } \mathrm{E}=\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{mv}^2+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{kr}^2=\frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{2} \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}}}~+\) \(\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{k} \frac{\mathrm{n} \hbar}{\sqrt{\mathrm{mk}}} \)
\( \mathrm{E}=\mathrm{n} \hbar \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{k}}{\mathrm{m}}}\)
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