KCET · Physics · Electrostatics
An electric dipole of dipole moment \(\vec{P}\) is placed in the uniform electric field \(\vec{E}\). Then which of the following statements are correct?
Statement-I: The torque on the dipole is \(\vec{P} \times \vec{E}\)
Statement-II: The potential energy of the dipole is \(-\vec{P} \cdot \vec{E}\)
Statement-III: The net force on the dipole is non-zero.
- A I, II and III
- B I and II only
- C II and III only
- D I and III only
Answer & Solution
Correct Answer
(B) I and II only
Step-by-step Solution
Detailed explanation
Statement-I: The torque acting on an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field is given by \(\vec{\tau} = \vec{P} \times \vec{E}\). This statement is correct.
Statement-II: The potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is given by \(U = -\vec{P} \cdot \vec{E}\). This statement is correct.
Statement-III: In a uniform electric field, the force on the positive charge is \(q\vec{E}\) and on the negative charge is \(-q\vec{E}\). The net force on the dipole is \(\vec{F}_{net} = q\vec{E} - q\vec{E} = 0\). Thus, the net force is zero. This statement is incorrect.
Therefore, only statements I and II are correct.
Answer: I and II only
Statement-II: The potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is given by \(U = -\vec{P} \cdot \vec{E}\). This statement is correct.
Statement-III: In a uniform electric field, the force on the positive charge is \(q\vec{E}\) and on the negative charge is \(-q\vec{E}\). The net force on the dipole is \(\vec{F}_{net} = q\vec{E} - q\vec{E} = 0\). Thus, the net force is zero. This statement is incorrect.
Therefore, only statements I and II are correct.
Answer: I and II only
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