Q amount of electric charge is present on the surface of a sphere having radius R. Then electrical potential energy of this system is _______.

A \(\frac{k Q ^2}{ R }\)
B \(\frac{k Q^2}{R^2}\)
C \(\frac{1}{2} \frac{ kQ ^2}{ R }\)
D \(\frac{1}{2} \frac{k Q^2}{R^2}\)

Verified Solution

Answer & Solution

Correct Answer

(C) \(\frac{1}{2} \frac{ kQ ^2}{ R }\)

Step-by-step Solution

Detailed explanation

(C)
Initially potential when there is no charge on the sphere,
\(V_1=0\)
potential when there is Q electric charge on the sphere,
\(V_2=\frac{k Q}{R}\)
average potential \(V =\frac{ V _1+ V _2}{2}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\therefore V =\frac{ O +\frac{k Q }{ R }}{2} \\ \therefore V=\frac{k Q }{2 R }\end{array}\)
potential energy of the system \(= QV\)
\(\begin{array}{l} U = Q \left(\frac{k Q }{2 R }\right) \\ U =\frac{1}{2} \frac{k Q ^2}{ R }\end{array}\)

Apply the relevant identity from the chapter and substitute the values established in the previous step, keeping the original constraint in view.

Use the simplified expression to isolate the unknown, then plug the result back into the question setup to confirm the working is internally consistent.

Cross-check against a boundary or limiting case. Both the dimensional balance and the qualitative behaviour at the extreme should agree with the candidate answer.

Combine the steps above to identify the correct option. The remaining choices each fail at least one of the consistency, dimensional, or boundary checks.

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