Which one of the following has a large reservoir of erythrocytes ?

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Process/terms related to ecosystem)	List-II (Explanations)
(A) Decomposition	(I) Highly resistant to microbial actions
(B) Humus	(II) Oxygen dependent process
(C) Stratification	(III) Break down of detritus
(D) Fragmentation	(IV) Distribution of species

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
Bio-fertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil like cyanobacteria, while there are organisms that help to control plant diseases and pests. The very familiar beetle, the ladybird and dragonflies are useful to get rid of aphids and mosquitoes, respectively. An example of microbial biocontrol agents that can be introduced to control butterfly caterpillars is certain bacteria, which are available in sachets in the form of dry spores. These spores are mixed with water and sprayed onto vulnerable plants. Trichoderma species that are very common in the root ecosystem, are very effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens.Baculoviruses attack insects and other arthropods. Usage of these viruses is desirable when an ecological sensitive area is being treated.
Trichoderma is a/an:

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions
Antibiotics have greatly improved our capacity to treat deadly diseases such as plague, whooping cough (kali khansi), diphtheria (gal ghotu) and leprosy (kusht rog), which used to kill millions all over the globe.
Streptokinase produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a 'clot buster' for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack. Microbes are diverse-protozoa, bacteria, fungi and microscopic animal and plant viruses, viroids and also prions that are proteinacious infectious agents. The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of CO₂ gas. Similarly the dough, which is used for making bread, is fermented using baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Primary sewage treatment basically involve physical removal of particles - large and small from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation. These are removed in stages; initially, floating debris is removed by sequential filtration. Then the grit (soil and small pebbles) are removed by sedimentation. All solids that settle form the primary sludge, and the supernatant forms the effluent. The effluent from the primary settling tank is taken for secondary treatment. The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks, where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs. While growing, these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent.
Antibiotics work against?

The components of the ecosystem are seen to function as a unit when you consider the following aspects -
(A) Productivity
(B) Decomposition
(C) Energy flow
(D) Nutrient cycling
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Converting milk to curd improves its nutritional quality by increasing which of the following vitamins in it:

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
Repeated amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from a bacterium, Thermusaquaticus}), which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA. The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. The convention for naming these enzymes is the first letter of the name comes from the genus and the second two letters come from the species of the prokaryotic cell from which they were isolated, e.g., EcoRI comes from Escherichiacoli} RY 13. In EcoRI, the letter 'R' is derived from the name of strain. Roman numbers following the names indicate the order in which the enzymes were isolated from that strain of bacteria. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer accomplished this in 1972 by isolating the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of DNA from a plasmid which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA, RNA, protein, polysaccharides etc. The RNA can be removed by treatment with ribonuclease whereas proteins can be removed by treatment with protease. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol.

In the isolation process of genetic material, the purified DNA can be precipitated out after the addition of:

For the reaction \(x + y \rightarrow z\),
rate law expression is rate \(= k [x] [y]^3\).
1 If the volume of the vessel is reduced to of its original volume, then rate of reaction will 3:

Arrange the following Spectral series with lower energy state quantum number ne in the order as (nf= 1,2,3,4,5)
A. Balmer series
B. Paschen series
C. Brackett series
D. Lyman series
E. Pfund series
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Let \(\Delta=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}a+b x & c+d x & p+q x \\ a x+b & c x+d & p x+q \\ u & v & w\end{array}\right|=\left(k-x^2\right)\left|\begin{array}{ccc}a & c & p \\ b & d & q \\ u & v & w\end{array}\right|\) then the value of k is:

In a 10 km race, \(A, B\) and \(C\) each run at uniform speed and get the first, second and third positions respectively.
If \(A\) beats \(B\) by 1 km and \(B\) beats \(C\) by 1 km , then by how much distance does \(A\) beat \(C\) ?

In the given figure, the ratio of electric fluxes through surfaces \( S_1 \) and \( S_2 \) is

Identify the correct statements among the following:
(A) The value of the electrostatic force constant, k depends on the medium between the two charges and on the choice of system of units.
(B) For two positively charged bodies, one more highly charged than the other, the force between them may be attractive.
(C) The charge on a body does change with its velocity.
(D) An electric dipole is a pair of two equal and similar charges placed at a very small distance.