Which of the following are objections to root pressure theory of ascent of sap in plants?
I. It is not applicable to plants taller than 20 meters.
II. Ascent of sap occurs even in the absence of root system.
III. Root pressure is almost zero in tall gymnosperms.
IV. Root pressure is the only mechanism explaining ascent of sap.
V. Root pressure is not developed in actively transpiring plants.
Choose the correct

Apply the relevant identity from the chapter and substitute the values established in the previous step, keeping the original constraint in view.

Use the simplified expression to isolate the unknown, then plug the result back into the question setup to confirm the working is internally consistent.

Cross-check against a boundary or limiting case. Both the dimensional balance and the qualitative behaviour at the extreme should agree with the candidate answer.

Combine the steps above to identify the correct option. The remaining choices each fail at least one of the consistency, dimensional, or boundary checks.