The reagent(s) used for softening the temporary hardness of water is(are)

For 'invert sugar', the correct statement(s) is (are)
(Given: specific rotations of $\left(+\right)-$sucrose, $\left(+\right)-$maltose, $\mathrm{L}-\left(-\right)-$glucose and $\mathrm{L}-\left(+\right)-$fructose in aqueous solution are $+\mathrm{ }{66}^{°},\mathrm{ }+{140}^{°},\mathrm{ }–{52}^{°}$ and $+\mathrm{ }{92}^{°}$, respectively)

Paragraph I: An organic compound \(\mathbf{P}\) with molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_9 \mathrm{H}_{18} \mathrm{O}_2\) decolorizes bromine water and also shows positive iodoform test. \(\mathbf{P}\) on ozonolysis followed by treatment with \(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_2\) gives \(\mathbf{Q}\) and \(\mathbf{R}\). While compound \(\mathbf{Q}\) shows positive iodoform test, compound \(\mathbf{R}\) does not give positive iodoform test. \(\mathbf{Q}\) and \(\mathbf{R}\) on oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) followed by heating give \(\mathbf{S}\) and \(\mathbf{T}\), respectively. Both \(\mathbf{S}\) and \(\mathbf{T}\) show positive iodoform test.
Complete copolymerization of 500 moles of \(\mathbf{Q}\) and 500 moles of \(\mathbf{R}\) gives one mole of a single acyclic copolymer \(\mathbf{U}\).
[Given, atomic mass: \(\mathrm{H}=1, \mathrm{C}=12, \mathrm{O}=16\)]
Question: Sum of number of oxygen atoms in \(\mathbf{S}\) and \(\mathbf{T}\) is

The maximum number of isomers (including stereoisomers) that are possible on monochlorination of the following compounds, is

Paragraph:
There are some deposits of nitrates and phosphates in earth's crust. Nitrates are more soluble in water. Nitrates are difficult to reduce under the laboratory conditions but microbes do it easily. Ammonia forms large number of complexes with transition metal ions. Hybridisation easily explains the ease of sigma donation capability of \(\mathrm{NH}_3\) and \(\mathrm{PH}_3\). Phosphine is a flammable gas and is prepared from white phosphorus.
Question:
White phosphorus on reaction with \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) gives \(\mathrm{PH}_3\) as one of the products. This is a

In the reaction,
$\text{P}+\text{Q}\to \text{R}+\text{S}$
the time taken for $75\%$ reaction of $\mathrm{P}$is twice the time taken for$50\%$ reaction of $\mathrm{P}$. The concentration of $\mathrm{Q}$varies with reaction time as shown in the figure.The overall order of the reaction is:

Among the following, the state function(s) is (are)

Suppose that the foci of the ellipse $\frac{x^2}{9}+ \frac{y^2}{5}=1$ are $\left(f_1, 0\right) and (f_2, 0)$ where $f_1>0 and f_2<0.$ Let $P_1 and P_2$ be two parabolas with a common vertex at (0, 0) and with foci at $\left(f_1, 0\right)$ and $\left(2f_2, 0\right),$ respectively. Let $T_1$ be a tangent to $P_1$ which passes through $\left(2f_2, 0\right)$ and $T_2$ be a tangent to $P_2$ which passes through $(f_1, 0)$ . If $m_1$ is the slope of $T_1$ and $m_2$  is the slope of $T_2,$ then the value of $\left(\frac{1}{m_1^2}+ m_2^2\right)$ is

${ }^{131}I is$ an isotope of Iodine that $\beta$ decays to an isotope of Xenon with a half-life of $8 days$ . A small amount of a serum labelled with ${ }^{131}I$ is injected into the blood of a person. The activity of the amount of ${ }^{131}I$ injected was $2.4\times {10}^5$ Becquerel (Bq). It is known that the injected serum will get distributed uniformly in the blood stream in less than half an hour. After 11.5 hours, 2.5 ml of blood is drawn from the person's body, and gives an activity of $115 Bq$ . The total volume of blood in the person's body, in litres is approximately (you may use \(\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{x}} \approx 1+\mathrm{x}\) for \(|\mathrm{x}|<<1\) and \(\ln 2 \approx 0.7\)).

Consider the following reaction.

On estimation of bromine in $1.00 \mathrm{g}$ of $\mathrm{R}$ using Carius method, the amount of $\mathrm{AgBr}$ formed (in $\mathrm{g}$) is____[Given: Atomic mass of \(\text H =1,\text C =12,\text O =16,\text P =31,\text {Br}\) \(=80,\text{Ag} =108]\)

Let \(F(x)\) be an indefinite integral of \(\sin ^2 x\).
Statement I The function \(F(x)\) satisfies \(F(x+\pi)=F(x)\) for all real \(x\).
Statement II \(\sin ^2(x+\pi)=\sin ^2 x\) for all real \(x\).

Paragraph:
In a mixture of \(\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{H}^{+}\)gas \(\left(\mathrm{He}^{+}\right.\)is singly ionised \(\mathrm{He}\) atom), \(\mathrm{H}\) atoms and \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\)ions are excited to their respective first excited states. Subsequently, \(\mathrm{H}\) atoms transfer their total excitation energy to \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\)ions (by collisions). Assume that the Bohr model of atom is exactly valid.
Question:
The quantum number \(n\) of the state finally populated in \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\)ions is

The total number of chiral molecules formed from one molecule of $P$ on complete ozonolysis $\left({\mathrm{O}}_3,\mathrm{Zn}/H_2\mathrm{O}\right)$ is _____