What is the product of the following reaction?
\[R-CN \frac{H_2 / Ni}{Na(Hg) / C_2 H_5 OH}\]
The options are:

The correct order of relative reactivity of alkyl halides towards \(S N^1\) reaction is:
(I) \(PhCH _2 Cl\)
(II) \(Ph _2 CHCl\)
(III) \(Ph _3 CCl\)

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The degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals has been removed due to ligand electron-metal electron repulsions in the octahedral complez to yield three orbitals of lower energy, \(t_{2 g}\) set and two orbitals of higher energy, \(e_g\) set. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal field splitting and the energy separation is denoted by \(\Delta_0\). Thus energy of the two \(e_g\) orbitals will increase by \((3 / 5) \Delta_0\) and that of three \(t_{2 g}\) will decrease by \((2 / 5) \Delta_0\). The crystal field splitting \(\Delta_{\circ}\) depends upon the field produced by the ligand and charge on the metal ion. Some ligands are able to produce strong fields, in which case the splitting will be large, whereas others produce weak fields and consequently result in small splitting of \(d\) orbitals. Relative magnitude of crystal field splitting energy \(\Delta_0\) and pairing energy, \(P\) (energy required for electron pairing in a single orbital) determine the formation of low spin ( \(\Delta_0>P\) ) or high spin ( \(\Delta_0<P\) ) complex. In tetrahedral coordination entity formation, the \(d\)-orbital splitting is inverted and is smaller as compared to the octabedral field splitting. The crystal field theory attributes the colour of the complex to \(d-d\) transition of the electron. The colour of the coordination compounds depends on the crystal field splitting. In the absence of ligand, crystal field splitting does not occur and hence the substance is colourless.
Which of the following relations is correct for the splitting of \(d\) orbitals in octahedral and tetrahedral crystal fields, considering same metal, the same ligands and metal-ligand distances?

The aqueous solutions of \(ZnSO _4, AgNO _3, FeCl _3\) and \(WCl _6\) are electrolysed for 2 hours using a current of 5 amperes. The decreasing order of mass deposited of the following metals at the cathode will be:
(A) Zn
(B) Ag
(C) Fe
(D) W
(Atomic masses:\(Fe =56 g mol ^{-1}, Zn =65 g mol ^{-1}\),\(\left.Ag =108 g mol ^{-1}, W=184 g mol ^{-1}\right)\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

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In the formation of coordination complexes, if the inner \(d\) orbital \((n - 1)d\) is used in hybridisation, the complex, is called an inner orbital or low spin or spin paired complex. And if it uses outer \(d\) orbital \((nd)\) in hybridisation (like \(sp^3d^2\)), it is called outer orbital or high spin or spin free complex. The degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals has been removed due to ligand electron-metal electron repulsions in the complex. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal field splitting. For coordination complexes, the magnetic moment is determined by the number of unpaired electrons and is calculated by using the 'spin-only' formula, \(\mu = \sqrt{n(n+2)}\) where \(n\) is the number of unpaired electrons and \(\mu\) is the magnetic moment in units of Bohr magneton \((BM)\). The coordination compounds are of great importance. These compounds are widely present in the mineral, plant and animal worlds and are known to play many important functions in the area of analytical chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine.
Which of the following metals belongs to Wilkinson catalyst?

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Carbohydrates such as cane sugar, glucose, starch etc. belong to a class of naturally occurring organic compounds. Structurally these are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produce such units on hydrolysis. Carbohydrates which are sweet in taste are called sugars. Theses sugars can be reducing or non-reducing. Monosaccharides cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler units whereas Oligosaccharides yield two to ten monosaccharide units on hydrolysis. Polysaccharides yield large number of monosaccharide units on hydrolysis. This class of biomolecules is essential for living systems as they serve as storage molecules in plants and animals. In addition, they provide raw materials for important industries like furniture, textiles, paper, lacquers and breweries. Two aldopentose form important constituents of nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are also called saccharides (Greek: sakcharon which means sugar). Sugar which is used in household and in milk also comes under this class of biomolecules.
Among below given carbohydrates, which one is not a polysaccharides ?

Aqueous solutions from the following with highest boiling point will be : (Assume no dissociation or association)

Select the correct option for the statements given below.
(A) The diffraction pattern is a superposition of waves originating from each point on a single slit.
(B) The interference pattern is the superposition of two waves originating from two narrow slits.
(C) The diffraction pattern in single slit has a central bright maximum brighter than other maxima.
(D) The interference in double slit has a number of equally spaced bright and dark bands.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Number of solutions of the equation \(\left|\begin{array}{ccc}-1 & 0 & \sin \theta \\ \sin \theta & -1 & 0 \\ 0 & \sin \theta & -1\end{array}\right|=0\) in \((0, \pi)\) is:

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According to Valence Bond theory, the metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands can use its ( \(n-1) d, n s, n p\) or \(n s, n p, n d\) orbitals for hybridisation to yield a set of equivalent orbitals of definite geometry such as octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar and so on. These hybridised orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals that can donate electron pairs for bonding. While the VB theory, to a larger extent, explains the formation, structures and magnetic behaviour of coordination compounds, it suffers from the many shortcomings. The Crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model which considers the metal-ligand bond to be ionic arising purely from electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and the ligand. The five \(d\) orbitals in an isolated gaseous metal atom/ion have same energy, i.e., they are degenerate. This degeneracy is maintained if a spherically symmetrical field of negative charges surrounds the metal atom/ion. However, when this negative field is due to ligands in a complex, it becomes asymmetrical and the degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals is lifted. It results in splitting of the \(d\) orbitals. The pattern of splitting depends upon the nature of the crystal field.
Which of the following represents the correct pair?

Conversion of freshly prepared precipitate into the colloidal solution is known as

Which one of the following facts is not true about genetic equilibrium?

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During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. You must have noticed that bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to those made at home. This is because the bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by micro-organisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
Statins, used as blood-cholesterol lowering agents are produced by -