What is the IUPAC name of Oxalic acid?

\(\Lambda_m^{\circ}\) for \(\mathrm{NaCl}, \mathrm{HCl}\), and \(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COONa}\) are \(126.4,425.9\), and \(91.0 \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~cm}^2 \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\), respectively. Calculate \(\Lambda_m^{\circ}\) for \(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{COOH}\).

Which of the following are the products of electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride?

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The transition elements which give the greatest number of oxidation states occur in or near the middle of the series. Manganese, for example, exhibits all the oxidation states from +2 to +7 . The lesser number of oxidation states at extreme ends stems from either too few electrons to lose or share (Sc, Ti) on too many d-electrons (hence fewer orbitals available in which to share electrons with others) for higher valence \(( Cu , Zn )\). Thus early in the series scandium (II) is virtually unknown and titanium (IV) is more stable than Ti (III) or Ti (II). At the other end, the only oxidation state of zinc is \(+ 2\) (no d electrons are involved). The maximum oxidation states of reasonable stability correspond in value to the sum of the s - and d-electrons upto manganese ( \(Ti ^{I V} O _2, V^V O _2^{+}, Cr ^{V I} O _4^{2-}\), \(Mn ^{\text {VII }} O _4\) ) followed by a rather abrupt decrease in stability of higher oxidation states, so that the typical species to follow are \(Fe ^{I I, I I I}, Co ^{I I, I I I}, Ni ^{I I}, Cu ^{I, I I}, Zn ^{I I}\).
The variability of oxidation states, a characteristic of transition elements, arises out of incomplete filling of d-orbitals in such a way that their oxidation states differ from each other by unity, e.g. \(V ^{I I}, V^{I I I}, V^{I V}, V^V\). This is in contrast with the variability of oxidation states of non transition elements where oxidation states normally differ by a unit of two.
An interesting feature in the variability of oxidation states of the d-block elements is noticed among the groups (groups 4 through 10). Although in the p-block, the lower oxidation states are favoured by the heavier members (due to inert pair effect), the opposite is true in the groups of dblock. For example, in group 6, \(Mo ( VI )\) and \(W ( VI )\) are found to be more stable than \(Cr ( VI )\). The \(Cr ( VI )\) in the form of dichromate in acidic medium is a strong oxidising agent, whereas \(MoO _3\) and \(WO _3\) are not.
Low oxidation states are found when a complex compound has ligands capable of \(\pi\)-acceptor character in addition to the \(\sigma\)-bonding. For example, in \(Ni ( CO )_4\) and \(Fe ( CO )_5\), the oxidation state of nickel and iron is zero.
Which amongst the following is a better oxidising agent than other ?

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I	List - II
(A) \(Ni ^{2+}\)	(I) Pink
(B) \(Cu ^{2+}\)	(II) Purple
(C) \(Mn ^{2+}\)	(III) Green
(D) \(Ti ^{3+}\)	(IV) Blue

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Which of the following complexes show linkage isomerism?

Toluene on chlorination in presence of UV light gives

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 was enacted by the government of India with the intention of___________.

Genetically modified organisms have been useful in many ways. Which one
of the following statements is not correct in the case of GMO plants?

Arrange the following steps of genetically engineered insulin production.
(A) Isolation and purification of the insulin gene from beta cells of the
pancreatic islets
(B) Expression of gene in host cell
(C) Joining the two polypeptides by disulfide bonds
(D) Cloning of insulin gene in Escherichia coli cloning host cell
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Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Biofertilisers
Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil and their main sources are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms. Other bacteria can also fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter). Fungi are also known to form symbiotic associations with plants (mycorrhiza). Many members of the genus Glomus form mycorrhiza. Plants having such associations show other benefits also, such as resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development. Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, etc. In paddy fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertiliser. Blue green algae also add organic matter in to the soil and increase its fertility. Currently, in our country, a number of biofertilisers are available commercially in the market and farmers use these regularly in their fields to replenish soil nutrients and to reduce dependence on chemical fertilisers.
Which one of the followings is not a symbiotic microbe?

If \(y=\log _e\left(\sec \left(e^{x^2}\right)\right)\), then \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\)

Identify the statements relevant to Genetically Modified (GM) crops:
A. They have better pest resistance.
B. They have increased nutritional value.
C. They are more reliant on chemical fertilisers.
D. They have less post harvest losses.
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