What is the first step in acid catalyzed dehydration of alcohol?

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According to Valence Bond theory, the metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands can use its ( \(n-1) d, n s, n p\) or \(n s, n p, n d\) orbitals for hybridisation to yield a set of equivalent orbitals of definite geometry such as octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar and so on. These hybridised orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals that can donate electron pairs for bonding. While the VB theory, to a larger extent, explains the formation, structures and magnetic behaviour of coordination compounds, it suffers from the many shortcomings. The Crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model which considers the metal-ligand bond to be ionic arising purely from electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and the ligand. The five \(d\) orbitals in an isolated gaseous metal atom/ion have same energy, i.e., they are degenerate. This degeneracy is maintained if a spherically symmetrical field of negative charges surrounds the metal atom/ion. However, when this negative field is due to ligands in a complex, it becomes asymmetrical and the degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals is lifted. It results in splitting of the \(d\) orbitals. The pattern of splitting depends upon the nature of the crystal field.
Which of the following represents the correct pair?

Which of the following reactions are given by Phenols?
(A) Nitration
(B) Halogenation
(C) Oxidation
(D) Acetylation
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Choose the correct statement.

Which of the statements are true?
(A) The coagulation of lyophobic sols can be done by electrophoresis
(B) Principal emulsifying agent for W/O emulsions are proteins, soaps, gums etc.
(C) Alum is used for cleaning muddy water
(D) Gelatin is added to ice cream to act as emulsifier
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The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones is highly polar. The positively charged carbon is readily attacked by electron-rich nucleophile and the negatively charged oxygen atom is attacked by an electro-deficient electrophile. Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions in the presence of acid or a base. The mechanism involves attack of a nucleophile on the electron deficient carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. A new bond is formed between the carbon and oxygen. Protonation of the anion furnished by the reaction medium yields a neutral addition product. The addition product is same whether the reaction is catalyzed by acid or a base. For example in the presence of base aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide to form cyanohydrin.
What is the product formed when an aldehyde other than formaldehyde is treated with Grignard reagent?

If limiting molar conductance of \(NaCl , K _3 PO _4\) and KCl are \(110.2,98.8\) and \(134.6 \Omega^{-1} cm^2 mol^{-1}\) respectively, the limiting molar conductance of \(Na _3 PO _4\) will be: \(\left(\Omega^{-1} cm^2 mol^{-1}\right)\)

What is the relative permittivity of a medium of relative permeability \( \mu_r = 1.0 \) in which an electromagnetic wave travels at a speed of \( v = 2 \times 10^8 \, \text{m s}^{-1} \)?

Geometry of \(\left[ Ni ( CN )_4\right]^{2-}\) and \(\left[ NiCl _4\right]^{2-}\) are:

The corner points of the bounded feasible region for a linear programming problem (LPP) are \(\left(0, \frac{3}{2}\right),(1,2)\) and \((4,0)\).
If the objective function is \(Z=a x+b y\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are positive,
then the condition on \(a\) and \(b\) so that the maximum of \(Z\) occurs at \((1,2)\) and \((4,0)\) is :

Arrange the following events in correct sequence :
(A) Virus infects macrophages
(B) Viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
(C) Viral DNA incorporates into host genome
(D) Viral RNA is introduced into macrophages
(E) New viruses are produced
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Pure milk costs Rs. 75 per litre.
A milkman adds water to 28 litres of pure milk and sells the mixture at Rs. 60 per litre.
How many litres of water does he add?

Which one of the following statement is incorrect about ecological pyramids?