Werner was the first to describe the bonding features in coordination compounds. But his theory could not answer basic questions like :
(i) Why only certain elements possess the remarkable property of forming coordination compounds ?
(ii) Why the bonds in coordination compounds have directional properties ?
(iii) Why coordination compounds have characteristics magnetic and optical properties ?
Many approaches have been put forth to explain the nature of bonding in coordination compounds viz. Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Crystal Field Theory (CFT), Ligand Field Theory (LFT) and Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT).
We shall focus our attention on elementary treatment of the application of VBT and CFT to coordination compounds.
According to this theory, the metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands can use its ( \(n -1\) )d, ns np or ns, np, nd orbitals for hybridisation to yield a set of equivalent orbitals of definite geometry such as octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar and so on.
These hybridised orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals that can donate electron pairs for bonding.
The formula which correctly represents Potassium tetra hydroxo zincate (II) is :

Monochlorination of toluene in sunlight followed by hydrolysis with aqueous \(NaOH\) yields :

Internal acid base reaction of amino acids is due to formation of:

If an electrolyte on dissociation gives \(\nu_{+}\) cations and \(\nu_{-}\) anions, then its limiting molar conductivity is given by

Arrange the following in decreasing order of the basic character in aqueous phase
(A) Ethanamine
(B) Benzeneamine
(C) Phenylmethanamine
(D) N-methylaniline
Choose the correct answer from the Options given below:

Werner was the first to describe the bonding features in coordination compounds. But his theory could not answer basic questions like :
(i) Why only certain elements possess the remarkable property of forming coordination compounds ?
(ii) Why the bonds in coordination compounds have directional properties ?
(iii) Why coordination compounds have characteristics magnetic and optical properties ?
Many approaches have been put forth to explain the nature of bonding in coordination compounds viz. Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Crystal Field Theory (CFT), Ligand Field Theory (LFT) and Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT).
We shall focus our attention on elementary treatment of the application of VBT and CFT to coordination compounds.
According to this theory, the metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands can use its ( \(n -1\) )d, ns np or ns, np, nd orbitals for hybridisation to yield a set of equivalent orbitals of definite geometry such as octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar and so on.
These hybridised orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals that can donate electron pairs for bonding.
Which of the following pair of ions is colourless according to CFT ?

Isomerism shown by \(Co(NH_3)_3(NO_2)_3\) is

Molar mass of a non-volatile solute (in g/mol) in its \(10\%\) by mass aqueous solution showing \(2\%\) decrease in its vapour pressure is :

If a line makes angles \(\frac{2 \pi}{3}\) and \(\frac{\pi}{3}\) with positive direction of \(x\)-axis and \(y\)-axis respectively,
then the acute angle made by the line with positive \(z\)-axis is:

Read the passage carefully and answer the Questions
In the formation of coordination complexes, if the inner \(d\) orbital \((n - 1)d\) is used in hybridisation, the complex, is called an inner orbital or low spin or spin paired complex. And if it uses outer \(d\) orbital \((nd)\) in hybridisation (like \(sp^3d^2\)), it is called outer orbital or high spin or spin free complex. The degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals has been removed due to ligand electron-metal electron repulsions in the complex. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal field splitting. For coordination complexes, the magnetic moment is determined by the number of unpaired electrons and is calculated by using the 'spin-only' formula, \(\mu = \sqrt{n(n+2)}\) where \(n\) is the number of unpaired electrons and \(\mu\) is the magnetic moment in units of Bohr magneton \((BM)\). The coordination compounds are of great importance. These compounds are widely present in the mineral, plant and animal worlds and are known to play many important functions in the area of analytical chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine.
Fe(II) octahedral complexes can show different 'spin only' magnetic moments for arrangements in the presence of weak and strong ligands. The 'spin only' magnetic moments of these complexes with weak and strong ligands, respectively, are

In the (i) absence of electric field, and in the (ii) presence of electric field, the paths of electrons between successive collisions with the positive ions of the metal, are

The angle at which the line \(\frac{x-1}{0}=\frac{2-y}{-1}=\frac{2 z-3}{-2}\) is inclined with the positive direction of \(z\)-axis is

An angular magnification of 30 X is desired using an objective lens of focal length 1.25 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. What should be the separation between objective and eyepiece when the final image is formed at the near point ?