The properties which depend on the number of solute particles irrespective of their nature relative to the total number of particles in the solution are called colligative properties. These are relative lowering of vapour pressure of the solvent, depression of freesing point of the solvent, elevation of boiling point of the solvent and osmotic pressure of the solution. All of these properties help in calculating the observed molar mass of the solute.
Determination of osmotic pressure is considered best for the determination of molecular mass of the solute.
The binary liquid mixtures which show negative deviation from Raoult's law are :
(A) n-hexane and n-heptone
(B) phenol and acetone
(C) ethanol and acetone
(D) chloroform and acetone
(E) benzene and toluene
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following process is used in the extractive metallurgy of magnesium?

Arrange the following in increasing order of their molarity when their equal weights are dissolved in 250 mL of water.
(A) glucose \(\left(180 g mol ^{-1}\right)\)
(B) sodium carbonate (106 g mol-1)
(C) sodium hydroxide \(\left(40 g mol ^{-1}\right)\)
(D) acetic acid \(\left(60 g mol ^{-1}\right)\)
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The reaction of neutral \(M n O 4 ^{ \wedge }\) - and \(I ^{ \wedge }\) - gives

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The degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals has been removed due to ligand electron-metal electron repulsions in the octahedral complez to yield three orbitals of lower energy, \(t_{2 g}\) set and two orbitals of higher energy, \(e_g\) set. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal field splitting and the energy separation is denoted by \(\Delta_0\). Thus energy of the two \(e_g\) orbitals will increase by \((3 / 5) \Delta_0\) and that of three \(t_{2 g}\) will decrease by \((2 / 5) \Delta_0\). The crystal field splitting \(\Delta_{\circ}\) depends upon the field produced by the ligand and charge on the metal ion. Some ligands are able to produce strong fields, in which case the splitting will be large, whereas others produce weak fields and consequently result in small splitting of \(d\) orbitals. Relative magnitude of crystal field splitting energy \(\Delta_{\circ}\) and pairing energy, \(P\) (energy required for electron
pairing in a single orbital) determine the formation of low spin ( \(\Delta_0>P\) ) or high spin ( \(\Delta_0<P\) ) complex. In tetrahedral coordination entity formation, the \(d\)-orbital splitting is inverted and is smaller as compared to the octahedral field splitting. The crystal field theory attributes the colour of the complex to \(d-d\) transition of the electron. The colour of the coordination compounds depends on the crystal field splitting. In the absence of ligand, crystal field splitting does not occur and hence the substance is colourless.
What will be the crystal field splitting energy for tetrahedral \(\left[ CoCl _4\right]^{2-}\) if its value for octahedral \(\left[ CoCl _6\right]^{4-}\) is \(18,000 cm^{-1}\) ?

Which property is observed in an emulsion ?

Match List I with List II

LIST - I (compound)	LIST - II (Hybridization & Geometry)
A. \(X e F_6\)	I. \(sp^3d^3 \text{ distorted octahedral}\)
B. \(XeO _3\)	II. \(sp^3d^2 \text{ square planar}\)
C. \(X e O F_4\)	III. \(sp^3\text{ pyramidal }\)
D. \(X e F_4\)	IV. \(sp^3d^2 \text{ square pyramidal}\)

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The value of the integral \(\int \frac{\log x^3}{x} d x\) is :

The number densities of electrons and holes in pure silicon at 273 K are equal and their values are \( 1.5 \times 10^{16} \text{ m}^{-3} \). On doping, the hole density increases to \( 4.5 \times 10^{27} \text{ m}^{-3} \). The electron density in the doped silicon will be :

Which one of the following salts would have the same value of the van't Hoff factor as that of \(\text{Al(NO}_3\text{)}_3\)?

The specific DNA sequence which is responsible for initiation of replication is known as:

Which of the following statements are incorrect with respect to nucleotides ?
(A) Purines and pyrimidines are nitrogenous bases.
(B) Nucleotides and nucleosides are same.
(C) Phosphate group is linked to - OH of 5' C of a nucleoside through phosphoester linkage.
(D) In RNA, every nucleotide residue has an additional - OH group present at 3' position in the ribose.
(E) Thymine is an example of Pyrimidine.
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Read the passage carefully and answer the Questions
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids play an important role in the biochemical process of plants and animal kingdom.
Many aldehydes and ketones find applications in dye, perfumery and other industries.
The carbonyl carbon atom is \(s p^2\)-hybridized forming three sigma and one pi-bond with oxygen.
C-O bonds are polar bond due to high electronegativity of oxygen than carbon.
Hence the carbonyl carbon behaves as an electrophilic center and oxygen as a nucleophilic centre.
Primary and secondary alcohols yield aldehydes and ketones respectively upon oxidation with variety of oxidixing agents.
The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones differ from hydrocarbons and ethers.
Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction due to presence of electrophilic carbonyl carbon.
Nucleophile and a proton add across the carbon oxygen double bond.
The starting compound (Y) in the following reaction is
\(Y \xrightarrow{\text { axidation }} \text { aldehyde } \xrightarrow{\text { oxidation }} \text { carboxylic acids }\)