The flow of solvent from pure solvent side to solution side across a semipermeable membrane can be stopped if some extra pressure is applied on the solution. This pressure that just stops the flow of solvent is called

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The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones is highly polar. The positively charged carbon is readily attacked by electron-rich nucleophile and the negatively charged oxygen atom is attacked by an electro-deficient electrophile. Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions in the presence of acid or a base. The mechanism involves attack of a nucleophile on the electron deficient carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. A new bond is formed between the carbon and oxygen. Protonation of the anion furnished by the reaction medium yields a neutral addition product. The addition product is same whether the reaction is catalyzed by acid or a base. For example in the presence of base aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide to form cyanohydrin.
The source of nucleophile in the base catalyzed cyanohydrin formation is:

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The coordination compounds are of great importance. These compounds are widely present in the mineral, plants and animal world and are known to play many important functions in the area of analytical chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine. For example, coordination compounds find use in many qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Some important metal extraction and purification make use of complex formation. Hardness of water can be estimated by stable complex formation of Ca\(^{2+}\) and Mg\(^{2+}\)
From which coordination complex, gold is recovered by reducing this complex with Zn ?

Match List - I with List - II

List - I	List - II
(A) Molarity	(I) Number of moles of solute / kilogram of solvent
(B) Molality	(II) Osmotic pressure
(C) Colligative property	(III) Number of moles of solute / litre of solution
(D) Non-ideal solution	(IV) Deviation from Raoult's Law

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Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acidity :
(A) Phenol
(B) 4 -methylphenol
(C) 3-nitrophenol
(D) 4-nitrophenol
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Transition metals form a large number of complexes or coordination compounds in which the metal atoms are bound to a number of anions or neutral molecules. The valence bond theory explain the formation, magnetic behaviour and geometrical shapes while the crystal field theory explains the effect of different crystal fields on the degeneracy of d-orbitals energies of the central metal atom/ion. This provides for the quantitative estimation of orbital separation energies, magnetic moments and spectral and stability parameters.

List - I	List - II
A. Mn2+	I. Yellow
B. \(F e 3+\)	II. Green
C. \(N i 2+\)	III. Blue
D. \(Cu 2+\)	IV. Pink

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The volume of mixing (ΔV) is not zero for which of the following solutions ?

match List - I with List - II

List - I (function)	List - II (inceasing on the interval)
(A) f(x) = -\(x^2\) - 2x + 1	(I) \((-\infty,-1)\)
(B) f(x) = \(x^2\) + 1	(II) \((1, \infty)\)
(C) f(x) = \(x^2\) - 2x + 3	(III) \((-\infty, 0)\)
(D) f(x) = \(- x^2\)	(IV) \((0, \infty)\)

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Consider a random sample of 10 students having 116 cm as mean height and standard deviation as 9.798 cm .
If the suggested mean height of the students population is 110 cm , then the \(t\)-test statistic of the sample is :
Given: \(\frac{\sqrt{10}}{9.798}=0.3227\)

The area (in sq. units) of the region enclosed by the ellipse \(16 x^2+25 y^2=400\) is:

The value of the integral \(\int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos ^2 x d x\) is:

Arrange the following in increasing order of their conductivity
(A) Silicon
(B) Germanium
(C) Sodium
(D) Glass
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For real numbers x and y, the relation R is defined as R = {(x, y) : x + y - \(\pi\) is an irrational number}, then the relation R is: