Read the passage carefully and answer the Questions
Carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids play an important role in the biochemical process of plants and animal kingdom.
Many aldehydes and ketones find applications in dye, perfumery and other industries.
The carbonyl carbon atom is \(s p^2\)-hybridized forming three sigma and one pi-bond with oxygen.
C-O bonds are polar bond due to high electronegativity of oxygen than carbon.
Hence the carbonyl carbon behaves as an electrophilic center and oxygen as a nucleophilic centre.
Primary and secondary alcohols yield aldehydes and ketones respectively upon oxidation with variety of oxidizing agents.
The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones differ from hydrocarbons and ethers.
Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction due to presence of electrophilic carbonyl carbon.
Nucleophile and a proton add across the carbon oxygen double bond.
In polar C-O bond in carbonyl compounds, the nature of carbon and oxygen atom is

Write down the number of \(3 d\) electrons in \(Co ^{2+}\) ion:

Why must the reacting molecules have a minimum energy for an effective collision?

Osmotic pressure of 0.25 M aqueous solution of urea at 300 K is

Which of the properties are shown by d block elements ?
(A) Complex formation
(B) Chelating agents
(C) Bleaching agents
(D) Catalytic properties
(E) Alloy formation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II

List - I (Complex)	List - II (Hybridisation)
(A) \([CoF_6]^{3-}\)	(I) \(sp^3\)
(B) \([Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}\)	(II) \(dsp^2\)
(C) \([NiCl_4]^{2-}\)	(III) \(d^2sp^3\)
(D) \([Ni(CN)_4]^{2-}\)	(IV) \(sp^3d^2\)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following does not represent a correct application of the coordination compound?

The following data are from a simple random sample: 6, 8, 11, 9, 15, 17,
then the point estimate of the population mean is:

Microbes in human welfare Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. we use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day, like LAB to make curd, yeast to make bread, adding flavor and texture to cheese, producing antibiotics etc. The addition of LAB, improves the milk quality by increasing vit. B12. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used. For example, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 produced by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, the more is its polluting potential. In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy. Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as a nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter).
BOD refers to the -

A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a slit of width d. If the distance between slit and screen is 0.6 m and distance of second order minimum from the centre of the screen is 6.0 mm, What is the width of the slit?

Which of the following process is responsible for the formation of delta at a place where rivers meet the sea?

The conductivity of electrolytic solutions does not depend upon

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
Repeated amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from a bacterium, Thermus aquaticus), which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA. The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. The convention for naming these enzymes is the first letter of the name comes from the genus and the second two letters come from the species of the prokaryotic cell from which they were isolated, e.g., EcoRI comes from Escherichia coli RY 13. In EcoRI, the letter 'R' is derived from the name of strain. Roman numbers following the names indicate the order in which the enzymes were isolated from that strain of bacteria. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer accomplished this in 1972 by isolating the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of DNA from a plasmid which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA, RNA, protein, polysaccharides etc. The RNA can be removed by treatment with ribonuclease whereas proteins can be removed by treatment with protease. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol.

In the PCR, the thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme is obtained from: