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Aldehydes and ketones are important organic compounds prepared mainly by oxidation of alcohols. Primary alcohols give aldehyde and secondary alcohols yield ketones. Aldehydes can also be formed by partial reduction of acid chlorides, reduction of esters or by Gattermann-Koch reaction. Ketones are prepared by Friedel-Craft's acylation, hydration of alkyne and reaction of Grignard's reagent with nitriles. Chemically, aldehydes and ketones are reactive in nature due to the carbonyl group and undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones and can be oxidized to carboxylic acids, while both can be reduced to alcohols or hydrocarbons and exhibit condensation reaction.
When two moles of benzaldehyde are heated with concentrated NaOH solution, the product/s obtained is/are:

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I	List - II
(A) Gel	(I) Hair cream
(B) Foam	(II) Dust
(C) Emulsion	(III) Cheese
(D) Aerosol	(IV) Whipped cream

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The correct SI unit of molar conductivity is:

Edema is caused by

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When a metal is placed in a solution of its ions, the metal can lose electron and can go in the solution as ion or the metal ion in the solution can take electron from the electrode and get deposited as metal. Thus, the electrode acquires either positive or negative charge with respect to the solution leading to the development of a potential difference between the metal electrode and the solution. This potential difference is called the electrode potential of the metal. The electrode potential of a metal is a measure of relative tendency to undergo oxidation (loss of electron) or reduction (gain of electron). When the concentration of the ions in the solution is unity, the electrode potential is called standard electrode potential. The magni of potential depends upon the nature of electrode, concentration of ions in solution and the temperature. In a galvanic cell, the electrode at which oxidation occurs is known as anodic half-cell and the electrode at which reduction occurs is known as cathodic half cell. The emf of the cell in terms of standard reduction potential is given by \(E_{\text {cell }}^{\circ}=E_{\text {cathode }}^{\circ}-E_{\text {anode. }}^{\circ}\).The standard free energy change of the redox reaction taking place in the cell is related to \(E_{\text {cell }}^{\circ}\) by \(\Delta G^{\circ}=-n F E^{\circ}\). A redox reaction would occur spontaneously if the free energy change is negative. The equilibrium constant of the reaction is related to the standard free energy change by \(\Delta G^{\circ}=-R T \ln K\).
The standard reduction potential of Zinc is represented by the reaction

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The coordination compounds are of great importance. These compounds are widely present in the mineral, plants and animal world and are known to play many important functions in the area of analytical chemistry, metallurgy, biological systems, industry and medicine. For example, coordination compounds find use in many qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Some important metal extraction and purification make use of complex formation. Hardness of water can be estimated by stable complex formation of Ca\(^{2+}\) and Mg\(^{2+}\)
Impure nickel is converted to which of its complex to be decomposed to yield pure nickel?

The correct expression of the rate of the reaction according to the collision theory is:

In inorganic salt analysis, for the indicatory test of \(Cl^-\), conc. \(H_2SO_4\) is used. This is because:

For a \(3 \times 3\) matrix \(A\), if \(A(\operatorname{adj} A)=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}99 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 99 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 99\end{array}\right]\) then \(\operatorname{det}(A)\) is equal to:

The condition for observing diffraction from a single slit is that the light wavefront incident on the slit should be

Observe the illustration and answer the following question:



Match List I with List II.

LIST I	LIST II
A. Spermatozoa	I. Embedding of sperms
B. Primary spermatocyte	II. Androgen secretion
C. Leydig cells	III. Male gamete
D. Sertoli cells	IV. Diploid cell

Choose the correct option from the ones given below:

Match List-l with List-II

List-l (Compound/Elements)	List-II (Uses)
(A) Magnesium based alloy is constituent of	(I) Bullets
(B) Lanthanoid oxide	(II) Petroleum cracking
(C) Mixed oxides of Lanthanoids are employed in	(III) Television screen
(D) Misch metal	(IV) Lanthanoid metal and iron

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If three points \(A \left(a_1, b_1\right), B \left(a_2, b_2\right)\) and \(C \left(a_3, b_3\right)\) are collinear and D is the determinant of their coordinates with a column of 1s, then: