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There are mainly four series of the transition metals, \(3 d\) series ( \(S c\) to Zn), \(4 d\) series (Y to Cd), \(5 d\) series ( La and Hf to Hg ) and 6d series which has \(A c\) and elements from \(R f\) to \(C n\). The two series of the inner transition metals; \(4 f\) (Ce to Lu) and \(5 f\) (Th to Lr) are known as lanthanoids and actinoids respectively. Their chemical properties are transitional between those of \(s\) and \(p\)-block elements. The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are very hard and have low volatility. Their melting and boiling points are high. Transition metals have incomplete d subshell either in neutral atom or in their ions. With partly filled d orbitals these elements exhibit certain characteristic properties such as display of a variety of oxidation states, formation of coloured ions and entering into complex formation with a variety of ligands. The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic activity.
The highest oxidation states shown by V , Fe and Ni respectively are __________ .

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The accumulation of molecular species at the surface rather than in the bulk of a solid or liquid is termed as adsorption. There are two types of adsorption. In physisorption, attractive forces are mainly Van der Waals while in chemical adsorption adsorbate is held with chemical bonds adsorbent. Adsorption increases with increase in pressure and decreases as temperature is du increased.
Adsorption is spontaneous because:

Answer the question on the basis of passage given below :
For the transition elements
Sc \(\quad\) Ti \(\quad\) V \(\quad\) Cr \(\quad\) Mn\(\quad\) Fe \(\quad\) Co \(\quad\) Ni \(\quad\) Cu \(\quad\) Zn
Atomic numbers :
21 \(\quad\) 22 \(\quad\) 23 \(\quad\) 24 \(\quad\) 25 \(\quad\) 26 \(\quad\) 27 \(\quad\) 28 \(\quad\) 29 \(\quad\) 30 \(\quad\)
Which transition element has large enthalpy of atomization \(\Delta H_a^{\circ} \text{ (kJ mol}^{-1}\))?

A molecule X associates in a given solvent as per the following equation: \(X \rightleftharpoons(X) n\). For a given concentration of \(X\), the van't Hoff factor was found to be \(0 . 8 0\), and the fraction of associated molecules was \(0 . 3\). The correct value of ' \(n\) ' is:

Which of the following is incorrect?

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The degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals has been removed due to ligand electron-metal electron repulsions in the octahedral complex to yield three orbitals of lower energy, \(t_2\), set and two orbitals of higher energy, \(e_g\) set. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal field splitting and the energy separation is denoted by \(\Delta_0\). Thus energy of the two \(e_g\), orbitals will increase by \((3 / 5) \Delta_0\) and that of three \(t_{2 g}\) will decrease by \((2 / 5) \Delta_0\). The crystal field splitting \(\Delta_0\) depends upon the field produced by the ligand and charge on the metal ion. Some ligands are able to produce strong fields, in which case the splitting will be large, whereas others produce weak fields and consequently result in small splitting of \(d\) orbitals. Relative magnitude of crystal field splitting energy \(\Delta_0\) and pairing energy, \(P\) (energy required for electron pairing in a single orbital) determine the formation of low spin ( \(\Delta_0>P\) ) or high spin ( \(\Delta_0<P\) ) complex. In tetrahedral coordination entity formation, the \(d\)-orbital splitting is inverted and is smaller as compared to the octahedral field splitting. The crystal field theory attributes the colour of the complex to \(d-d\) transition of the electron. The colour of the coordination compounds depends on the crystal field splitting. In the absence of ligand, crystal field splitting does not occur and hence the substance is colourless.
Choose the correct statement from the following:

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The decomposition of \(N_2O_5\ (g)\) is given as
\(N_2O_5(g) \rightarrow 2NO_2(g) + \frac{1}{2}O_2(g)\)
The above reaction is found to be of first order.
Choose the correct statement about the rate of the reaction:

What should be the size of an obstacle to observe diffraction?

Sequence the following steps in formation of female gametophyte of flowering plants
A. Cell walls are laid down.
B. Formation of seven cells with eight nuclei.
C. Meiosis in megaspore mother cell and formation of megaspore tetrad.
D. Functional megaspore undergoes three mitotic divisions, results in formation of eight nuclei.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

If a computer code is correctly programmed, it gives \(90\%\) acceptable results. But if it is not correctly programmed, it gives only \(40\%\) acceptable results. From previous experience, it is observed that only \(80 \%\) of codes are correctly programmed. If after a certain programming, the code gives 2 acceptable results then the approximate probability that the code is correctly programmed is

Which of the following could not be a rate determining step?

A current of \( 2 \times 10^{-5} \text{ A} \) produces 25 division deflection in a galvanometer. The resistance of the galvanometer coil is \( 4 \ \Omega \). The figure of merit of galvanometer is :

The mutation theory of saltation given by Hugo deVries based on his work on: