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There are mainly four series of the transition metals, \(3 d\) series ( \(S c\) to Zn), \(4 d\) series (Y to Cd), 5d series (La and Hf to Hg) and 6d series which has \(A c\) and elements from Rf to Cn. The two series of the inner transition metals; \(4 f\) (Ce to Lu) and \(5 f\) (Th to Lr) are known as lanthanoids and actinoids respectively. Their chemical properties are transitional between those of \(s\) and p-block elements. The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are very hard and have low volatility. Their melting and boiling points are high. Transition metals have incomplete d subshell either in neutral atom or in their ions. With partly filled d orbitals these elements exhibit certain characteristic properties such as display of a variety of oxidation states, formation of coloured ions and entering into complex formation with a variety of ligands. The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic activity.
In series Sc to Zn, the lowest enthalpy of atomization is shown by

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Aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones are widespread in the animal and plant kingdoms.
They play a pivotal role in various biochemical processes of life. Their presence in nature adds fragrance and flavor. These compounds are widely used in food products, pharmaceuticals, paints, resins and other important product industries. These compounds are prepared by various laboratory methods, which mainly include oxidation, formylation, acylation and reduction. Due to the polar nature of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones, they can exhibit different reactions like nucleophilic addition. They do exhibit redox and various condensation reactions which lead to the formation of various important compounds. On the other hand, the carboxylic acids are mainly prepared by oxidation and hydrolysis of different compounds. The carboxylic acid consists of a carbonyl group and the hydroxy group (attached to the carbonyl carbon atom). This makes it possible for the carboxylic acid to participate in various chemical reactions which involve cleavage of the C-OH bond and the O_H bond along with the reactions involving the complete -COOH group.
Identify the final product (X) of the chemical reaction obtained from the following transformation :

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A colloid is a heterogeneous system in which a substance is dispersed (dispersed phase) as fine particles in another substance called dispersion medium.
Their particle size is intermediate between that of pure solutions (less than 1 nm) and suspensions (greater than 1000 nm).
They are known for interesting properties such as enormous surface area, Tyndall effect, Brownian motion etc.
They are widely used in industries and day to day life.
Some prominent uses of colloids are those in smoke precipitators, purification of water, medicines, cleansers etc.
Which of the following statements correctly explains the charge on hydrated ferric oxide sol, prepared by adding \(\text{FeCl}_3\) to hot water?

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Amines are classified as primary \(\left(1^{\circ}\right)\), secondary \(\left(2^{\circ}\right)\) and tertiary \(\left(3^{\circ}\right)\) depending upon the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl or aryl groups in ammonia molecules. Aliphatic amines are a stronger bases due to \(+I\) effect of an alkyl groups. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in primary and secondary amines affects the boiling points of amines. The intermolecular association is more in primary amines than in secondary amines as there are more number of hydrogen atoms available for hydrogen bond formation. Nitro compounds are reduced to amines by passing hydrogen gas in the presence of finely divided nickel, palladium or platinum and also by reduction with metals in an acidic medium. Gabriel synthesis is used for the preparation of primary amines. Primary amines react with nitrous acid to give unstable diazonium-salts which can be used to synthesize a variety of compounds.
The compound having the highest boiling point is:

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Adsorption is the phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of a substance on the surface of a solid resulting into a higher concentration on the surface than in the bulk. The substance adsorbed is known as adsorbate and the substance on which adsorption takes place is called adsorbent. In physisorption adsorbate is held to the adsorbent by weak van der Waals forces and in chemisorption by strong chemical bond.
In coagulation of a positive sol, the flocculating power will be in the order:
A. \(PO _4^{3-}\)
B. \(Cl ^{-}\)
C. \([ Fe ( CN )]^{3-}\)
D. \(SO _4^{2-}\)
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Match List-l with List-II

List-l (Test)	List-II (Identification)
(A) Hinsberg's Test	(I) Primary, Secondary and tertiary Amines
(B) Isocyanide test	(II) Aliphatic and Aromatic primary amines
(C) Azo dye test	(III) Primary Aromatic amines
(D) Tollen's Test	(IV) Reducing sugars

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Addition of HCN to carbonyl group results in formation of:

Arrange the following groups of plants according to their appearance on earth.
(A) Angiosperms
(B) Seed ferns
(C) Rhynia type plants
(D) Psilophyton
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The intervals in which the function \(f(x) = 2x^3 + 9x^2 + 12x + 20\) is increasing is given by:

A wire carries a current of 10 A in south to north direction. The magnetic field due to 1 cm piece of wire at a point 200 cm northeast from the piece :

The shortest distance between lines \(\frac{-x-3}{4}=\frac{y-6}{3}=\frac{z}{2}\) and \(\frac{-x-2}{4}=\frac{y}{1}=\frac{z-7}{1}\) is :

The levels of biodiversity include :

The series of hydrogen spectrum which lies in the visible region is :