Name the reagent required to convert cyclohexene into hexane-1, 6-dioic acid.

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The carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones is highly polar. The positively charged carbon is readily attacked by electron-rich nucleophile and the negatively charged oxygen atom is attacked by an electro-deficient electrophile. Aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reactions in the presence of acid or a base. The mechanism involves attack of a nucleophile on the electron deficient carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. A new bond is formed between the carbon and oxygen. Protonation of the anion furnished by the reaction medium yields a neutral addition product. The addition product is same whether the reaction is catalyzed by acid or a base. For example in the presence of base aldehydes and ketones react with hydrogen cyanide to form cyanohydrin.
The source of nucleophile in the base catalyzed cyanohydrin formation is:

Zone refining is mainly used for :

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Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or molecules which provide such units on hydrolysis are called carbohydrates. They can be broadly classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides depending on their behavior towards hydrolysis. They are also classified as reducing or non-reducing sugars. Another class of biomolecules is proteins which are polymers of twenty different amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Amino acids can be classified as acidic, basic or neutral depending on the relative number of amino and carboxyl groups in their
molecule. The essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by our body and hence must be provided through diet. Nucleic acids are the polymers of nucleotides which in turn consist of a base, pentose sugar and phosphate. There are two types of nucleic acids namely, DNA and RNA which differ in the composition of sugar and a base
The sugar moiety in DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, are

Minimum boiling azeotropes show __________ deviation from Raoult's Law at a specific composition.

Ethanoic acid can be converted into ethanol using reagent

The rate determining step for a complex reaction is:

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity towards HCN .




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Two charges \( q_1 = 4 \times 10^{-7} \text{ C} \) and \( q_2 = -6 \times 10^{-7} \text{ C} \) are located 3 m apart. At what point on the line joining the two charges is the electric potential zero? (Consider potential zero at infinity.)

Arrange the following in increasing order of basic strength in aqueous solution :
(A) \(C _6 H _6 NH _2\)
(B) \(C _2 H _5 NH _2\)
(C) \(\left( C _2 H _6\right)_2 NH\)
(D) \(NH _3\)
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Match List - l with List - ll

List - I (Terms)	List - II (Features)
(A) Allele	(I) The position on the chromosome where a gene occurs
(B) Locus	(II) Testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive
(C) Gene	(III) One of two or more alternative nucleotide sequences at a single gene locus
(D) Test Cross	(IV) A length of DNA that codes for a particular polypeptide or protein

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List-I (Reaction Name)	List-II (Reaction)
(A) Carbylamine reaction	(I)
(B) Gatterman Rection	(II)
(C) Sandmeyer reaction	(III)
(D) Hoffmann Bromamide reaction	(IV)

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The ratio of speeds of X-rays of wavelength \(10^{-9} m\) and visible light of wavelength \(10^{-7} m\) in vacuum is :