Freon-12 is manufactured from tetrachloromethane by :

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According to Valence Bond theory, the metal atom or ion under the influence of ligands can use its ( \(n-1\) )d, ns, np or \(n s, n p, n d\) orbitals for hybridisation to yield a set of equivalent orbitals of definite geometry such as octahedral, tetrahedral, square planar and so on. These hybridised orbitals are allowed to overlap with ligand orbitals that can donate electron pairs for bonding. While the VB theory, to a larger extent, explains the formation, structures and magnetic behaviour of coordination compounds, it suffers from the many shortcomings. The Crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model which considers the metal-ligand bond to be ionic arising purely from electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and the ligand. The five \(d\) orbitals in an isolated gaseous metal atom/ion have same energy, i.e., they are degenerate. This degeneracy is maintained if a spherically symmetrical field of negative charges surrounds the metal atom/ion. However, when this negative field is due to ligands in a complex, it becomes asymmetrical and the degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals is lifted. It results in splitting of the \(d\) orbitals. The pattern of splitting depends upon the nature of the crystal field.
Which of the following is not true about the limitations of VBT

The amine which will not undergo benzoylation in alkaline medium is

Primary Alkyl halide \(C _4 H _9 Br (X)\) reacts with alcoholic KOH to give the compound \((Y)\). Compound \((Y)\) is reacted with HBr to give \((Z)\) which is an isomer of \((X)\). When \((X)\) is reacted with \(Na /\) dry ether, it gives a compound \((T), C _8 H _{18}\), which is different from the compound formed when \(n\)-butyl bromide is reacted with \(Na /\) dry ether. The correct IUPAC name of (T) is:

Match List - I (Common name) with List - II (IUPAC name)

List - I (Common Name)	List - II (IUPAC name)
(A) Aniline	(I) N-Phenylethanamide
(B) Acetanilide	(II) Benzenamine
(C) Sulphanilic acid	(III) Prop-2-en-1-amine
(D) Allylamine	(IV) p-aminobenzene sulphonic acid

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2.0 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 K. Molal depression constant \(K_f\) of benzene is \(4.9\text{ K kg mol}^{-1}\). What is the percentage association of the acid?

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P block elements are placed in groups 13 to 18 of the periodic table. Their valence shell electronic configuration is \(ns^2 np^{1-6}\). Group 16 of the p block elements are known as the group of chalcogens having \(ns^2 np^4\) as their general electronic configuration. They exhibit number of oxidation states but the stability of \(- 2\) oxidation state decreases down the group. They are sometimes also known as group of chalcogens as the name is derived from the Greek word for brass and points to the association of sulphur and its congeners with copper. Their ionisation enthalpy decreases down the group. Oxygen shows anomalous behaviour due to its small size and high electronegativity.
Identify the epsom salt out of the following salts :

Statins are produced by:

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Productivity in the Ecosystem The flow of energy through a terrestrial ecosystem starts with the harnessing of sunlight by autotrophs. The radiant energy is converted by photosynthesis to organic compounds is known as productivity. The productivity is expressed in units of energy per unit of area per unit time. The amount of organic matter present at any given time is biomass. The productivity of any ecosystem is affected by many parameters like weather conditions, nutrient availability etc. The productivity of any ecosystem does vary seasonally and yearly.
The Net Primary Productivity of an ecosystem are represented by:

Which of the following is a molecular solid?

The standard electrode potential of copper is positive. Which of the following statements is not true?

Which of the following reagents convert an alcohol into an alkyl chloride?
(A) Conc. Hydrogen Chloride
(B) Phosphorus trichloride
(C) Phosphorus pentachloride
(D) Thionyl Chloride
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A convex lens \(\left(n_g=1.5\right)\) of focal length 10 cm in air when immersed in a liquid behaves as a diverging lens of focal length 45 cm . The refractive index of the liquid :