Arrange the following ions in increasing order of number of 3d-electrons
(A) Cr²⁺
(B) Cu⁺
(C) Ti³⁺
(D) Mn⁺
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While charging the lead storage battery......

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Adsorption is a surface phenomenon which can be expressed by means of an empirical relationship know as Freundlich Adsorption isotherm. The relationship given by \(\frac{x}{m} = Kp^{\frac{1}{n}}\ (n > 1)\)
x = Mass of the gas adsorbed
m = Mass of adsorbent
p = Pressure at which adsorption takes place
K and n are constant
Which electrolyte/electrolytes can coagulate a ferric hydroxide sol most effectively?
A. \(K _3\left[ Fe ( CN )_6\right]\)
B. \(Na _3 PO _4\)
C. \(Na _2 SO _4\)
D. \(KNO _2\)
E. KI
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The purest form of commercial iron is

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The degeneracy of the \(d\) orbitals has been removed due to ligand electron-metal electron repulsions in the octahedral complex to yield three orbitals of lower energy, \(t_{2 g}\) set and two orbitals of higher energy, \(e_g\) set. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal field splitting and the energy separation is denoted by \(\Delta_0\). Thus energy of the two \(e_g\) orbitals will increase by \((3 / 5) \Delta_0\) and that of three \(t_{2 g}\) will decrease by \((2 / 5) \Delta_0\). The crystal field splitting \(\Delta_0\) depends upon the field produced by the ligand and charge on the metal ion. Some ligands are able to produce strong fields, in which case the splitting will be large, whereas others produce weak fields and consequently result in small splitting of \(d\) orbitals. Relative magnitude of crystal field splitting energy \(\Delta_{\circ}\) and pairing energy, \(P\) (energy required for electron pairing in a single orbital) determine the formation of low spin ( \(\Delta_{\circ}>P\) ) or high spin ( \(\Delta_{\circ}<P\) ) complex. In tetrahedral coordination entity formation, the \(d\)-orbital splitting is inverted and is smaller as compared to the octahedral field splitting. The crystal field theory attributes the colour of the complex to \(d-d\) transition of the electron. The colour of the coordination compounds depends on the crystal field splitting. In the absence of ligand, crystal field splitting does not occur and hence the substance is colourless
What will be the crystal field splitting energy for tetrahedral \(\left[ CoCl _4\right]^{2-}\) if its value for octahedral \(\left[ CoCl _6\right]^{4-}\) is \(18,000 cm^{-1}\) ?

Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than Lanthanoid contraction because of

Which of the following is not caused due to deficiency of hormones?

The entry of pollen tube in the embryo sac is guided by :

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Werner in 1898, propounded his theory of coordination compounds. In coordination compounds metals show two types of linkages (valences)-primary and secondary. The primary valences are normally ionisable and are satisfied by negative ions. The secondary valences are non-ionisable. These are satisfied by neutral molecules or negative ions. The secondary valence is equal to the coordination number and is fixed for a metal. The ions or group bound by the secondary linkages to the metal have characteristic spatial arrangements corresponding to the different coordination numbers. Both double salts as well as complexes are formed by the combination of two or more stable compounds in stoichiometric ratio. However, they differ in the fact that double salts such as carnallite, Mohr's salt, potash alum etc. dissociate into simple ions completely when dissolved in water. But complex ions do not dissociate completely into simple ions.
Which of the following is a double salt?

The correct IUPAC name for \(C H _{ 2 }= C H C H _{ 2 } N H C H _{ 3 }\).

\(A=\left[\begin{array}{lll}0 & 1 & 3 \\ 1 & 2 & x \\ 2 & 3 & 1\end{array}\right]\)
\(A^{-1}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{1}{2} & -4 & \frac{5}{2} \\ -\frac{1}{2} & 3 & -\frac{3}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & y & \frac{1}{2}\end{array}\right]\)
Find the value of \(8 x+5 y\)

An element has a cubic close packing (ccp) structure with an edge length 297 pm . The density of mass \(=107.9 g / mol\).)
the element is (Given molar mass = \(107.9 g / mol\).)

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Restriction endonuclease on finding its specific recognition sequence, bind to the DNA and cut each of the two strands of the double helix at specific points in their sugar -phosphate backbones. Each restriction endonuclease recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequences in the DNA. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus). Now a days the most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. The first restriction endonuclease-Hind II, whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was isolated and characterised five years later. It was found that Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognising a specific sequence of six base pairs. In addition to 'ori', the vector requires a selectable marker, which helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the transformants. Transformation is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium. Normally, the genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or kanamycin, etc., are considered useful selectable markers for E. coli.
A natural polymer extracted from sea weeds used in the field of biotechnology is: