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Lyophobic sols like those of metals (Au, Ag, etc) are unstable and are easily precipitated by addition of electrolytes. However, it is observed that the addition of certain lyophilic colloids like gums, soaps, gelatine, etc. to lyophobic colloids (like a metal sol) render lyophobic colloids difficult to coagulate by the addition of electrolytes. The process is known as 'protection' and the lyophilic colloid. colloids are termed as Protective colloids. It is believed that the protective action of the lyophilic colloids is due to the covering up of the particles of the lyophobic colloid by those of the lyophilic Evidenty, smaller the gold number of a protective colloid, the greater is its protective action.
Critical micelle concentration of soap solutions lie in the range of :

Which of the following reactions are disproportionation reactions?
(A) \(2\text{Cu}^+ \rightarrow \text{Cu}^{2+} + \text{Cu}\)
(B) \(3\text{MnO}_4^{2-} + 4\text{H}^+ \rightarrow 2\text{MnO}_4^- + \text{MnO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}\)
(C) \(2\text{KMnO}_4 \rightarrow \text{K}_2\text{MnO}_4 + \text{MnO}_2 + \text{O}_2\)
(D) \(2\text{MnO}_4^- + 3\text{Mn}^{2+} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 5\text{MnO}_2 + 4\text{H}^+\)
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In a Daniell cell
A. Current flows from zinc electrode to copper electrode
B. Electrons flow from zinc electrode to copper electrode.
C. Cell potential depends on size of electrodes used.
D. Electrons flow from copper electrode to zinc electrode
E. Copper ions move towards cathode and zinc ions move away from anode.
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Select the correct formula for the coordination compound "Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) chloride"

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The term vitamin was coined from the word vital +amine since the earlier identified compounds had amino groups.
Later work showed that most of them didn't contain amino groups, so the letter "e" was dropped and ther term vitamin is used these days.
Vitamins are classified into two groups depending upon their solubility in water or fat. Fat soluble vitamins are soluble in fat and oils but insoluble in water. They are stored in liver and adipose (fat storing) tissues. Water-soluble vitamins are soluble in water. They must be supplied regularly in the diet as they are readily excreated in urine.
Deficiency of which vitamin causes scurvy?

Which one of these tripositive ions is the most stable in aqueous solution?

Which of the following ionic species has the greatest proton affinity to form a stable compound?

The function \(f(x)=x^2-x+1\) is

Arrange the given structures formed during spermatogenesis in correct sequence.
(A) Spermatozoa
(B) Secondary spermatocytes
(C) Spermatids
(D) Spermatogonia
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Match List-l with List-ll

List-l (Birth control methods)	List-II (Features)
(A) Diaphragms	(I) Removal of vas deferens
(B) Lactational amenorrhea	(II) Increase phagocytosis of sperms
(C) Vasectomy	(III) Absence of menstrual cycle and ovulation following parturition
(D) IUDs	(IV) Cover the cervix and blocks the entry of sperm

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Choose the correct option from the following transitions in which the wavelength will be minimum

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Biofertilisers
Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil and their main sources are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms. Other bacteria can also fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter). Fungi are also known to form symbiotic associations with plants (mycorrhiza). Many members of the genus Glomus form mycorrhiza. Plants having such associations show other benefits also, such as resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development. Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, etc. In paddy fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertiliser. Blue green algae also add organic matter in to the soil and increase its fertility. Currently, in our country, a number of biofertilisers are available commercially in the market and farmers use these regularly in their fields to replenish soil nutrients and to reduce dependence on chemical fertilisers.
Which one of the followings is not a symbiotic microbe?

If \(f(x) = \begin{vmatrix} 0 & x-a & x-b \\ x+a & 0 & x-c \\ x+b & x+c & 0 \end{vmatrix}\), then \(f(0)\) is: