An excess of potassium ions makes KCl crystal appear violet or liliac in colour since:
(A) Some of the anionic sites are occupied by an unpaired electron
(B)Some of the anionic sites are occupied by a pair of electrons
(C) There are vacancies at some anionic sites
(D)F-ntres are created which impart colour to the crystals.
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Carbohydrates are essential for both plants and animals. Some common examples of carbohydrates are glucose, fructose, sucrose, glycogen, cellulose and starch. They form a major portion of our food. Honey has been used for a long time as an instant source of energy in Ayurvedic medicine. Carbohydrates are used as storage molecules in both plants and animals. The cell wall of bacteria and plants is made of cellulose. We use cellulose in the form of wood for making furniture and as cotton fiber for clothing. They also provide raw material for textiles, paper, lacquers, and breweries. Carbohydrates are classified as Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides on the basis of their behavior towards hydrolysis.
Monosaccharides cannot be hydrolyzed further to simpler units whereas oligosaccharides can yield 2-10 units of monosaccharides on hydrolysis. Polysaccharides, which are non-sugars yield a large number of monosaccharide units on hydrolysis.
Answer the following questions about carbohydrates:
Identify a component of starch from among the following.

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Formaldehyde is the first member of the aldehydic series. It is present in green leaves of plants where its presence is supposed to be due to the reaction of \(CO_2\) with water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Commercially, formaldehyde is obtained by the controlled oxidation of methane in the presence of molybdenum oxide (\(MoO\)) acting as a catalyst. Formaldehyde is a constituent of a number of polymers also called resins. These are non volatile solids or semi solids which are obtained directly from certain plants and can be synthesized in the laboratory.
Benzaldehyde is less reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction than formaldehyde because of:

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Carboxylic acids are the earliest organic compounds isolated from nature. These are also known as organic acids but are weaker acids as compared to mineral acids. However, they are more acidic than alcohols and phenols because of greater resonance stabilization of the parent acid and its conjugate base. The acidic strength is determined by the \(K _a\), which is called the acidity constant. The greater the value of \(K _a\), the greater the tendency of the acid to ionize and hence the stronger the acid. The acidic strength of the saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid depends upon the inductive effect and its position with respect to - COOH groups. Electron-donating substituents tend to decrease whereas electron-withdrawing substituents tend to increase the acidic strength. The acidic strength of the aromatic carboxylic acid, on the other hand depends upon both the inductive effect and the resonance effect of the substituents.
\(p K_a\) of chloroacetic acid is lower than acetic acid because of

Match List-I and List-II

List-I	List-II
A. Tranquilizers	I. Ofloxacin
B. Antibiotics	II. Chlorodiazepoxide
C. Antacids	III. Seldane
D. Antihistamines	IV. Cimetidine

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The osmotic pressure of a solution at 0°C is 2 atm. What will be its osmotic pressure at 819 K ?

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Proteins are the polymers of about twenty different a-amino acids which are linked by peptide bonds. Proteins perform various structural and dynamic functions in the organisms. Proteins which contain only a-amino acids are called simple proteins. The secondary or tertiary structure of proteins get disturbed on change of pH or temperature and they are not able to perform their functions. This is called denaturation of proteins. Enzymes are biocatalysts which speed up the reactions in biosystems. Vitamins are accessory food factors required in the diet. They are classified as fat soluble (A, D, E and K) and water soluble (B group and C). Deficiency of vitamins leads to many diseases. Nucleic acids are the polymers of nucleotides which in turn consist of a base, a pentose sugar and phosphate moiety. Nucleic acids are responsible for the transfer of characters from parents to offsprings. There are two types of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. DNA contains a five carbon sugar molecule called 2-deoxyribose whereas RNA contains ribose.
Deficiency of which of following vitamins can cause scurvy (loosening and bleeding of gum)?

The number of phenotypes and genotypes obtained in F2 generation after crossing RRYY and rryy in pea plants are:

Arrange the following structures involved in embryogenesis in the correct
sequence.
(A) Zygote
(B) Blastocyst
(C) Blastomeres
(D) Morula
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Match List-l with List-ll

List-l (Term)	List-II (Feature)
(A) Multiple alleles	(I) Variation in DNA
(B) Mendelian disorder	(II) Non segregation of chromatids during cell division
(C) Chromosomal disorder	(III) Pedigree analysis
(D) Mutation	(IV) Population study

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A square of side L m lies in the XY plane in a region where the magnetic field is \( \vec{B} = B_0(2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + 4\hat{k}) \text{ T.} \) The magnitude of magnetic flux through the square is:

UAA is recognised as

The shortest distance between the lines \(\vec{r}=(\hat{i}+2 \hat{j}+3 \hat{k})+\lambda(2 \hat{i}+3 \hat{j}+4 \hat{k})\) and \(\vec{r}=(2 \hat{i}+4 \hat{j}+5 \hat{k})+\mu(4 \hat{i}+6 \hat{j}+8 \hat{k})\) is equal to