You must have seen the weed Calotropis growing in abandoned fields. The plant produces highly poisonous _________ and that is why you never see any cattle or goats browsing on this plant.

Process of formation of new species due to change in allele frequency in a population is called:

Read the given paragraph carefully and answer the following questions:
Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus). There are some basic steps in genetically modifying an organism (i) identification of DNA with desirable genes; (ii) introduction of the identified DNA into the host; (iii) maintenance of introduced DNA in the host and transfer of the DNA to its progeny. Agrobacterium tumifaciens, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as 'T-DNA' to transform normal plant cells into a tumor and direct these tumor cells to produce the chemicals required by the pathogen. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol. Selection of recombinants due to inactivation of antibiotics is a cumbersome procedure because it requires simultaneous plating on two plates having different antibiotics. Therefore, alternative selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from non-recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, ß-galactosidase. This results into inactivation of the gene for synthesis of this enzyme, which is referred to as insertional inactivation.
Which enzyme is not used to lyse the cells for extraction of DNA?

Read the following passage carefully.
Restriction enzyme
Restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the center of the palindrome sites, but between the same two bases on the opposite strands. This leaves single stranded portions at the ends. There are overhanging stretches called sticky ends on each strand. These are named so because they form hydrogen bonds with their complementary cut counterparts. This stickiness of the ends facilitates the action of the enzyme DNA ligase. The word palindromes refer to group of letters that forms the same words when read both forward and backward. Restriction endonucleases are used in genetic engineering as molecular scissors.
Which one of the following enzyme helps to join DNA?

Which one of the following is not true for a molecule that can act as a genetic material?

Which one of the following is a result of convergent evolution?

Match List-l with List-ll

List-l (Term)	List-II (Explanation)
(A) Natality	(I) Number of the same species individuals that have come into the habitat
(B) Immigration	(II) Number of deaths during a given time in a population
(C) Mortality	(III) Number of the same species individuals that have left the habitat
(D) Emigration	(IV) Number of births during a given time in a population

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The wavelength of matter wave depends upon:
A. charge
B. velocity
C. momentum
D. mass
E. charge density
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following reactions will give 2-propanol ?
(A) \(CH _3- CH _2- COOH \xrightarrow[\text { (II) } H _2 O ]{\text { (I) } LAHH _4}\)
(B) \(\quad CH _2= CH - CH _3 \xrightarrow{\text { Neutral } KMnO _4}\)
(C) \(CH _2= CH - CH _3+ H _2 O \xrightarrow{ H ^{+}}\)
(D) \(CH _2 O \xrightarrow[ H _2 O ]{ C _2 H _5 MgI }\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

There are two kinds of nucleases - exonucleases and endonucleases. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA whereas, endonucleases make cuts at specific positions within the DNA. The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Since DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products. To produce in large quantities, the development of bioreactors, where large volumes (100 - 1000 litres) of culture can be processed, was required. Thus, bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial plant, animal or human cells. PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. In this reaction, multiple copies of the gene (or DNA) of interest are synthesised in vitro using two sets of primers (small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA) and the enzyme DNA polymerase.
Which one of the following enzymes remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA?

Arrange the following stages in sequence of their occurrence during human reproduction:
(A) Implantation
(B) Cleavage
(C) Blastocyst
(D) Zygote
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The standard reduction potential for \(Zn^{2+}/Zn\) is \(-0.76\) V and that for \(Fe^{2+}/Fe\) is \(-0.41\) V. The galvanic cell can be correctly represented by :

Read the paragraph given below and answer the question. If a person is born with a hereditary disease, can a corrective therapy be taken for such a disease? Gene therapy is an attempt to do this. Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo. Here genes are inserted into a person's cells and tissues to treat disease.
ADA deficiency is caused due to: