Which one of the following is NOT a method of molecular diagnosis for early detection of a disease?

Which is NOT a major characteristic feature of biodiversity 'Hot Spot'?

Microbes in human welfare Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. we use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day, like LAB to make curd, yeast to make bread, adding flavor and texture to cheese, producing antibiotics etc. The addition of LAB, improves the milk quality by increasing vit. B12. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used. For example, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 produced by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, the more is its polluting potential. In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy. Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as a nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter).
BOD refers to the -

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens. Each antibody molecule has four peptide chains, two small called light chains and two longer called heavy chains. Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. Symptoms of allergic reactions include sneezing, watery eyes, running nose and difficulty in breathing. The use of drugs like anti-histamine, adrenalin and steroids quickly reduce the symptoms of allergy. Lymphoid organs are the organs where origin and/or maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur. The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. After maturation the lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs like spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches of small intestine and appendix. Heroin commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum.
Which one of the following is not a feature of an antibody:

In RNA interference method, nematode specific genes were introduced into the host plant which produce _________

Which of the following is the correct expression of the "central dogma" ?

If 4 individuals in a laboratory population of 40 fruitflies died during a specified time interval, say a week, the death rate in the population during that period is -

Photoelectric work function of a metal is 1 eV. Light of wavelength \( \lambda = 3000\text{\AA} \) falls on it. The photoelectrons come out with maximum kinetic energy of:

The magnitude of electric force exerted by a proton on an electron in a hydrogen atom is, (Given distance of separation between charges, 1 \( \text{\AA} \))

Observe the given figures and answer the question

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I	List - II
(A) Part/Compound/Gases	(I) C
(B) Electrodes	(II) B
(C) Water which contains organic compounds	(III) D
(D) Gases	(IV) E

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

If \(A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}2 & -3 & 4 \\ -3 & 5 & x \\ 4 & 3 & 0\end{array}\right]\) is a symmetric matrix and \(B=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0 & 2 & -10 \\ -2 & z & 6 \\ y & -6 & 0\end{array}\right]\) is a skew-symmetric matrix, then the value of \((x y+y z+z x)\), is:

A planoconvex lens has the radius of curvature of its curved surface 50 cm and the refractive index of its material is 1.5. Its focal length will be

If \(75\)% of a first-order reaction gets completed in \(32\) minutes, the time taken for \(50\)% completion of this reaction is: