When the cells from malignant tumours start invading and damaging the normal tissues and reach distant sites through blood, the process is known as :

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Species diversity on earth is not uniformly distributed. It is generally highest in the tropics and decreases towards the poles. Earth's fossil history reveals the incidences of mass extinctions in the past. Earth's rich biodiversity is vital for the very survival of mankind. It is believed that communities with high diversity tend to be less variable and more productive. The reasons of conserving biodiversity are narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical. Biodiversity conservation may be in-situ as well as ex-situ.
Which of the following hot spots does not cover India's biodiversity regions?

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India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programmes at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal.
These programmes called 'family planning' were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades. Improved programmes covering wider reproduction-related areas are currently in operation. Creating awareness among the people about various reproduction-related aspects and providing facilities and support for building up a reproductively healthy society are the major tasks under these programmes.
Match Column I with Column II

Column I	Column II
(A) ZIFT	(I) Sperm injected into ovum
(B) ICSI	(II) Embryo in uterus
(C) IUI	(III) Embryo in fallopian tube
(D) IUT	(IV) Semen in uterus

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Read the passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Recombinant DNA Technology
Asexual reproduction preserves the genetic information, while sexual reproduction permits variation. Traditional hybridization procedures used in plants and animals breeding very often lead to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes along with the desired genes. The techniques of genetic engineering, which include creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning and gene transfer, overcome this limitation and allow us to isolate and introduce only one or a set of desirable genes without introducing genes into the target organism.
Which one of the following is not used as a vector in recombinant DNA
technology?

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In order to link the alien DNA, the vector needs to have very few, preferably single, recognition sites for the commonly used restriction enzymes. Presence of more than one recognition site in the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning. In order to link the alien DNA, the vector needs to have very few, preferably single, recognition sites for the commonly used restriction enzymes. Presence of more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning. The ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in one of the two antibiotic resistance genes. The recombinant plasmids will lose tetracycline resistance due to insertion of foreign DNA but can still be selected out from non-recombinant ones by plating the transformants on tetracycline containing medium.
The recombinants will grow in ampicillin containing medium but not on that containing tetracycline. But, non- recombinants will grow on the medium containing both the antibiotics. In this case, one antibiotic resistance gene helps in selecting the transformants, whereas the other antibiotic resistance gene gets 'inactivated due to insertion' of alien DNA, and helps in selection of recombinants. Origin of replication (ori) is a sequence from where replication starts and any piece of DNA when linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells. This sequence is also responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA. So, if one wants to recover many copies of the target DNA it should be cloned in a vector whose origin support has high copy number.
Which one of the following is not correct statements about cloning sites of vectors?

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When a host is exposed to antigens, which may be in the form of living or dead microbes or other proteins, antibodies are produced in the host body. This type of immunity is called active immunity. Active immunity is slow and takes time to give its full effective response. Injecting the microbes deliberately during immunisation or infectious organisms gaining access into body during natural infection induce active immunity. When antibodies are directly given to protect the body against foreign agents, it is called passive immunity.
Match List I with List II

LIST I	LIST II
A. Physical Barrier	I. Saliva
B. Cellular Barrier	II. Interferons
C. Physiological Barrier	III. Skin
D. Cytokine Barrier	IV. Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes

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Read the passage carefully and give the answers to the question :
India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programmes at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal.
These programmes called 'family planning' were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades. Improved programmes covering wider reproduction-related areas are currently in operation. Creating awareness among the people about various reproduction-related aspects and providing facilities and support for building up a reproductively healthy society are the major tasks under these programmes.
Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to Medical Termination of Pregnancy?

DNA fingerprinting is used for:
(A) Forensic Laboratories for identification of criminals
(B) To identify paternity of an individual
(C) To identify the dead bodies by comparing the DNA of parents or children
(D) To identify racial groups, to rewrite biological evaluations.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match the Enzyme in List - I with its Activity in List - II.

List - I	List - II
(A) Taq DNA Polymerase	(I) Cleaves the DNA at ends
(B) Exonuclease	(II) Breaks the fungal cell wall
(C) Protease	(III) Stable above 90°C
(D) Chitinase	(IV) Break the protein molecules

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Consider the differential equation \(\frac{d y}{d x}+y \tan x=\sec x\), then which of the following statements are correct?
(A) It is homogeneous
(B) It has \(\sec x\) as its integrating factor
(C) Its general solution is \(y \sec x=\tan x+c\), where \(c\) is an arbitrary constant.
(D) Its degree is not defined
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A cell is prepared by dipping a Cu rod in \(1\ M\ CuSO_4\) solution and Sn rod in \(1\ M\ SnCl_2\) solution.
The standard electrode potential of Cu is \(+0.34\ V\) and Sn is \(-0.14\ V\). Emf of cell will be :

Paleontological evidences for evolution refers to :

p-block elements are placed in groups 13 to 18 of the periodic table. Group 15 is nitrogen family.
Nitrogen makes various compounds like \(NH _3, HNO _3, N_2 O , NO _2\) etc. Phosphorus exists in the form of white and red phosphorus. White phosphorus glows in dark. \(PH _3\) gas is used as smoke screen. Group 16 is called oxygen family. Dry air contains \(21% O_2\) gas by volume. Combined sulphur exists as sulphates such as gypsum, epsome salt, baryte etc. The allotropic forms of sulphur are Rhombic and monoclinic sulphur. \(S_2\) is paramagnetic like \(O_2\) and it stable at high temperature. Group 17 is Halogen family. \(F _2\) is highly reactive, \(Cl _2\) is greenish yellow gas. Both \(SO _2\) and \(Cl _2\) are used for bleaching. Group 18 is Noble gas family but some noble gases also form compounds.
Complete hydrolysis of \(XeF _6\) gives HF and \(XeO _3\) as main products. The permanent bleaching effect is caused by :