The rate of decomposition is slower if :

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RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. The source of this complementary RNA could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate. Insulin from an animal source, though caused some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans. Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine. If successful and found to be reliable, they could replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine. Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into the several crop plants such as cotton. The choice of genes depends upon the crop and the targeted pest, as most Bt toxins are insect-group specific. The toxin is coded by a gene cryIAc named cry. There are a number of them, for example, the proteins encoded by the genes cryIAc and cryIIAb control the cotton bollworms, that of cryIAb controls corn borer.

The Bt toxin gene cryIAb controls the:

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Bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents are in the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus. These viruses are excellent candidates for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications. They have been shown to have no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds, fish or even on non-target insects. BOD refers to the amount of the oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one liter of water were oxidised by bacteria. The sewage water is treated till the BOD is reduced. Cheese, is one of the oldest food items in which microbes were used. Different varieties of cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste. For example, the large holes in 'Swiss cheese' are due to production of a large amount of CO₂ by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.
Baculoviruses are -

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The separated DNA fragments can be visualized only after staining the DNA with ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation. Bright orange colored bands of DNA in ethidium bromide stained gel exposed to UV light can be seen. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution. The DNA fragments purified in this way are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with a cloning vector.
The DNA band appears orange due to -

Clot buster produced from Streptococcus is:

Arrange the given steps of DNA fingerprinting in sequence.
(A) Transferring of separated DNA fragments on nitrocellulose membrane
(B) Isolation of DNA and digestion by restriction endonuclease
(C) Hybridisation using VNTR Probe
(D) Separation of isolated DNA fragments by Gel Electrophoresis
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

ABO blood groups are controlled by:

Match the complexes given in List - I with the geometry given in List - II

List - I (Complex)	List - II (Geometry)
(A) \(\left[ NiCl _4\right]^{2-}\)	(I) Tetrahedral, paramagnetic
(B) \(\left[ Ni ( CN )_4\right]^{2-}\)	(II) Square planer, diamagnetic
(C) \(\left[ CoF _6\right]^{3-}\)	(III) Octahedral, diamagnetic
(D) \(\left[ Co \left( NH _3\right)_6\right]^{3+}\)	(IV) Octahedral, paramagnetic

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Arrange the following oxidation states in increasing order
(A) characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids
(B) most stable oxidation state of Mn in its oxides
(C) most stable oxidation state of Mn
(D) oxidation state of Mn in \(MnO ^2\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

If \(y=e^{a \cos ^{-1} x},-1< x< 1\), then \(\left(1-x^2\right) \frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}-x \frac{d y}{d x}\) is equal to

Two charges of -2 \(\mu C\) and +2 \(\mu C\) are placed at the point A (0, 2, 0) m and B (0, -2, 0) m located in an electric field \(E = 0.5i\) V/cm. The magnitude of torque acting on the dipole is:

The half-lives of two radioactive specimens are \(T_1=5\) years and \(T_2=7.5\) years.
The ratio of their disintegration constants \(\lambda_1\) and \(\lambda_2\) is:

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Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from slaughtered cattle and pigs. Insulin from an animal source, though caused some patients to develop allergy or other type of reactions. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked bridges. In mammals, including human, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone.
Bonds which link 'A' and 'B' peptide chains of human insulin are