The Mediterranean orchid Ophrys employs 'sexual deceit mechanism to get pollination done by

Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by

Which of the following is an example of microbial biocontrol agents?

In Sickle-cell anemia, the substitution of amino acid in the globin protein results due to the single base substitution at the sixth codon of the beta globin gene from:

Which one of the following hormones is produced only during pregnancy?

Which of the following alcoholic drink is not produced by distillation of fermented broth?

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies. Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. Do you know why mother's milk is considered very essential for the new-born infant? The yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. Different species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malaria and P. falciparum) are responsible for different types of malaria. Of these, malignant malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal. The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment is called allergy. The use of drugs like anti-histamine, adrenalin and steroids quickly reduce the symptoms of allergy. Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, are often abused. Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller, and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery.
Malignant malaria is caused by -

The term used for the utilization of biological resources of a nation or its people by multinational companies and other organizations without proper authorization and compensatory payment is:

If \( n_h \) is the number of holes per unit volume and \( n_e \) is the number of conduction electrons per unit volume in an extrinsic semiconductor. The relation between \( n_h, n_e \) and \( n_i \) is (\( n_i \) is intrinsic carrier concentration):

Let X denotes the number of doublets obtained in 3 throws of a pair of dice.
match List - I with List - II

List - I	List - II
(A) P(X = 0)	(I) \(\frac{1}{216}\)
(B) P(X = 1)	(II) \(\frac{15}{216}\)
(C) P(X = 2)	(III) \(\frac{75}{216}\)
(D) P(X = 3)	(IV) \(\frac{125}{216}\)

Choose the correct answert from the option given below:

Read the passage carefully to answer the questions given below
Some strains of `Bacillus thuringiensis` produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). In `Bacillus thuringiensis` the toxin is coded by a gene `crylAc` named cry. There are a number of them, for example, the proteins encoded by the genes `crylAc` and `cryllAb` control the cotton bollworms, that of `crylAb` controls corn borer. Using conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis, etc.) early detection is not possible. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzyme is crucial for the immune system to function. The disorder is caused due to the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase. `RNAi` takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific `mRNA` due to a complementary `dsRNA` molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the `mRNA`.
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
This disorder is caused due to the deletion of the gene for -

There are two kinds of nucleases - exonucleases and endonucleases. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA whereas, endonucleases make cuts at specific positions within the DNA. The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Since DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products. To produce in large quantities, the development of bioreactors, where large volumes (100 - 1000 litres) of culture can be processed, was required. Thus, bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial plant, animal or human cells. PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. In this reaction, multiple copies of the gene (or DNA) of interest are synthesised in vitro using two sets of primers (small chemically synthesised oligonucleotides that are complementary to the regions of DNA) and the enzyme DNA polymerase.
Identify the incorrect fact about the PCR?

A die is thrown twice. The probability of occurrence of 5 at least once is: