The construction of first rDNA was done using plasmid of :

Biopiracy refers to :

The eggs of the cuckoo (koel) have evolved to resemble crow's eggs in size and color. If the parasite bird has laid its eggs in the nest of host and lets the host to incubate them. This is an example of:

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. The source of this complementary RNA could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate via an RNA intermediate. Insulin from an animal source, though caused some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. Transgenic mice are being developed for use in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans. Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine. If successful and found to be reliable, they could replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine. Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into the several crop plants such as cotton. The choice of genes depends upon the crop and the targeted pest, as most Bt toxins are insect-group specific. The toxin is coded by a gene cryIAc named cry. There are a number of them, for example, the proteins encoded by the genes cryIAc and cryIIAb control the cotton bollworms, that of cryIAb controls corn borer.

The Bt toxin gene cryIAb controls the:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). B. thuringiensis forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (a-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre). The milk contained the human alpha-lactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi). This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing). Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. ELISA is based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction. Infection by pathogen can be detected by the presence of antigens (proteins, glycoproteins, etc.) or by detecting the antibodies synthesised against the pathogen.
ELISA is based on the principle of:

Sporozoites of Plasmodium are formed in ______ of female Anopheles mosquito.

The arrangement of the nuclei in a normal embryo sac from the chalazal to micropylar end in dicots is -

A value of \(p\) for which the points \((1,1, p)\) and \((-3,0,1)\) are equidistant from the plane \(\vec{r} \cdot(3 \hat{i}+4 \hat{j}-12 \hat{k})+13=0\) is:

Let \(A\) be a square matrix of order \(3 \times 3\), then \(|K A|\) is equal to :

Evaluate \(\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\sin 2 x}{\cos ^4 x+\sin ^4 x} d x=\)

Match List-l with List-ll

List-l (Techniques)	List-II (Features)
(A) Bioprocess engineering	(I) Use of bio resources without proper authorisation
(B) Somatic hybridisation	(II) Correction of gene defect
(C) Gene therapy	(III) Fusion of protoplasts from two different organisms
(D) Biopiracy	(IV) Maintenance of sterile ambiance for microbial growth

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List-l with List-II

List - l	List - lI
(A) The chance of observing a specific outcome in an experiment	(I) Parameter
(B) A method used to estimate the population parameters	(II) Estimation
(C) A value that describes an entire population	(III) Statistic
(D) A measurable characteristic of a sample	(IV) Probability distribution

Choose the correct option:

Arrange the given steps of DNA fingerprinting in the sequence from initiation to end.
(A) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonuclease
(B) Isolation of DNA
(C) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe
(D) Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membrane
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :