The big holes in Swiss cheese are due to:
(A) Production of large amount of \(O _2\)
(B) Production of large amount of \(CO _2\)
(C) Production of large amount of \(H _2\)
(D) Bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii
(E) Lactobacillus casei
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

If primary producers are exposed to 1,000,000 Joules of sunlight, the amount of energy transferred to tertiary consumers will be:

IUCN Red List provides information on:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. You must have noticed that bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to those made at home. This is because the bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by micro-organisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce the biogas. The composition of this biogas is -

Read the passage carefully to answer the questions given below
Some strains of `Bacillus thuringiensis` produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). In `Bacillus thuringiensis` the toxin is coded by a gene `crylAc` named cry. There are a number of them, for example, the proteins encoded by the genes `crylAc` and `cryllAb` control the cotton bollworms, that of `crylAb` controls corn borer. Using conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis, etc.) early detection is not possible. Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) are some of the techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzyme is crucial for the immune system to function. The disorder is caused due to the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase. `RNAi` takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary `dsRNA` molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the `mRNA`.
Some strains of `Bacillus thuringiensis` produce proteins that do not kill ceratin organisms -

Which of the following step is not the part of downstream processing?

Genetically modified organisms have been useful in many ways. Which one
of the following statements is not correct in the case of GMO plants?

Which of the following is not tetrahedral in shape?

Spin free complex among the following is :

If \(X+Y=\left(\begin{array}{ll}7 & 0 \\ 2 & 5\end{array}\right)\) and \(X-Y=\left(\begin{array}{ll}3 & 0 \\ 0 & 3\end{array}\right)\), then \(X\) and \(Y\) are:

If \(|\vec{a}|=10,|\vec{b}|=2\) and \(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}=12\), then value of \(|\vec{a} \times \vec{b}|\) is :

The carbohydrate metabolism and modulation of inflammatory reactions are controlled by which hormone ?

The momentum of photon of electromagnetic radiation is \( 3.3 \times 10^{-29} \, \text{Kg ms}^{-1} \). The frequency of the waves associated with it would be - (use \( h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \))