Taylor and colleagues proved semiconservative nature of DNA through their experiments on Vicia Faba

Microbes in human welfare Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. we use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day, like LAB to make curd, yeast to make bread, adding flavor and texture to cheese, producing antibiotics etc. The addition of LAB, improves the milk quality by increasing vit. B12. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used. For example, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 produced by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, the more is its polluting potential. In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy. Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as a nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter).
Which statement is true about LAB ?

Arrange the steps involved in creating pest-resistant transgenic plants using RNA interference (RNAi).
(A) Binding of complementary RNAs to form double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
(B) Formation of sense and antisense RNA in the host cells.
(C) Silencing of specific mRNA of the nematode.
(D) Introduction of nematode-specific genes into the host plant using Agrobacterium vectors.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List-l with List-ll

List-l (Name of the gene)	List-II (Encodes)
(A) 'i'	(I) Permease
(B) 'z'	(II) Repressor
(C) 'y'	(III) Transacetylase
(D) 'a'	(IV) β- Galactosidase

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List I with List II

List - I	List - II
(A) Phenotype reflects the contribution of each allele	(I) Pleiotropy
(B) Multiple phenotypic expressions by a single gene	(II) Linkage
(C) Generation of non-parental gene combinations	(III) Polygenic inheritance
(D) Parental gene combinations higher than non- parental type in \(F_2\) progeny	(IV) Recombination

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

In malignant tumor, the cells proliferate, grow very rapidly and move to other parts of body to form new tumors. This property is called:

In species-area relationships equation - log S = log C + Z log A
'Z' denotes the -

Arrange the following complexes in decreasing order of absorption of wavelength of light in the visible region:
(A) \(\left[ Co ( CN )_6\right]^{3-}\)
(B) \(\left[ CoF _6\right]^{3-}\)
(C) \(\left[ Co \left( H _2 O \right)_6\right]^{3+}\)
(D) \(\left[ Co \left( NH _3\right)_6\right]^{3+}\)
Choose the correct option from below:

In the method of least squares, we find trend values using:

Read the passage carefully. Attempt the questions.
An overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment. Their body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient air and water osmotic concentration. These animals and plants are simply conformers. Considering the benefits of a constant internal environment to the organism, we must ask why these conformers had not evolved to become regulators. Recall the human analogy we used above; much as they like, how many people can really afford an air conditioner? Many simply 'sweat it out' and resign themselves to suboptimal performance in hot summer months. Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions. During the course of evolution, the costs and benefits of maintainin a constant internal environment are taken into consideration. Some species have evolved the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of environmental conditions, beyond which they simply conform.
If the stressful external conditions are localised or remain only for a short duration, the organism has five other alternatives for survival.
Identify the animal which is NOT a conformer.

The number of solutions of the system of equations
\(\begin{array}{l}\alpha^2 x+\alpha y=-1 \\\alpha x+\alpha^2 y=1\end{array}\)
is infinite. Then \(\alpha\) is:

The separation between an electron and a proton in a hydrogen atom is \( 0.83 \text{ \AA} \). Find the electric force of attraction between them.

What will be the half life of a radioactive isotope whose \(\left(\frac{1}{16}\right)^{\text {th }}\) of initial amount remains unchanged after 2 hours ?