Resource partitioning among the species is the mechanism to avoid:

Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions
Antibiotics have greatly improved our capacity to treat deadly diseases such as plague, whooping cough (kali khansi), diphtheria (gal ghotu) and leprosy (kusht rog), which used to kill millions all over the globe.
Streptokinase produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a 'clot buster' for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack. Microbes are diverse-protozoa, bacteria, fungi and microscopic animal and plant viruses, viroids and also prions that are proteinacious infectious agents. The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of CO₂ gas. Similarly the dough, which is used for making bread, is fermented using baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Primary sewage treatment basically involve physical removal of particles - large and small from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation. These are removed in stages; initially, floating debris is removed by sequential filtration. Then the grit (soil and small pebbles) are removed by sedimentation. All solids that settle form the primary sludge, and the supernatant forms the effluent. The effluent from the primary settling tank is taken for secondary treatment. The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks, where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs. While growing, these microbes consume the major part of the organic matter in the effluent.
Genetically modified Streptokinase is used as a 'clot buster' for removing clots from the blood vessels is produced by :

Match List I with List II.

LIST I	LIST II
A. Agarose	I. Polymerase chain reaction
B. Thermostable DNA polymerase	II. Electrophoresis
C. Micro injection	III. Ampicillin resistance gene
D. Selectable marker	IV. Introduction of alien DNA in animal cell

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Arrange the following events in correct order pertaining to sewage treatment plant?
(A) Bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.
(B) Primary effluent is passed into aeration tank for the growth of microbes into flocs
(C) A small part of activated sludge is pumped back into aeration tank as inoculum and remaining to anaerobic sludge digesters.
(D) The bacteria and fungi in the sludge are digested by another kind of bacteria
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Natality is associated with

Match List - I with List - II.

LIST I	LIST II
(A) Lymphoid Organ	(I) ELISA
(B) Cancer	(II) Widal Test
(C) HIV	(III) Bone marrow and Thymus
(D) Typhoid	(IV) Carcinogens

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The elucidation of the lac operon was the result of close association between the geneticist _________ and the biochemist _________.

Match List-l with List-ll

List-l (Genetic disorder)	List-II (Cause)
(A) Thalassemia	(I) 45+XΟ
(B) Sickle-cell anemia	(II) Formation of abnormal hemoglobin
(C) Klinefelter's syndrome	(III) Substitution of glutamic acid by valine
(D) Turner's syndrome	(IV) 47, XXY

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Area of the region bounded by ellipse \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1\) is:

Read the given paragraph carefully and answer the following questions:
Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus). There are some basic steps in genetically modifying an organism (i) identification of DNA with desirable genes; (ii) introduction of the identified DNA into the host; (iii) maintenance of introduced DNA in the host and transfer of the DNA to its progeny. Agrobacterium tumifaciens, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as 'T-DNA' to transform normal plant cells into a tumor and direct these tumor cells to produce the chemicals required by the pathogen. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol. Selection of recombinants due to inactivation of antibiotics is a cumbersome procedure because it requires simultaneous plating on two plates having different antibiotics. Therefore, alternative selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from non-recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, ß-galactosidase. This results into inactivation of the gene for synthesis of this enzyme, which is referred to as insertional inactivation.
The purified DNA ultimately precipitates after the addition of:

If the system of equations
\(x-3 y+5 z=3\)
\(x-2 y+4 z=4\)
\(2 x-7 y+\lambda z=5\)
has infinite number of solutions, then the value of \(\lambda\) is:

Identify the statements which hold true for transgenic animals.
(A) Transgenic animals can be used to study vaccine safety.
(B) Over 95% of transgenic animals are mice
(C) Transgenic animals cannot be used to study human diseases
(D) Transgenic animal possess and express forgein gene

Let \(y(x)=a(x+1) \log (x+1)+b x+5\) be the solution of the differential equation \(e^{\frac{d y}{d x}}=x+1, y(0)=5\), then the value of \((a+b)\) is :