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The DNA fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Since DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules, they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation. The repeated amplification of DNA is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from a bacterium, Thermus aquaticus). After completion of the biosynthetic stage, the product has to be subjected through a series of processes before it is ready for marketing as a finished product. The downstream processing and quality control testing vary from product to product. The convention for naming restriction enzymes is the first letter of the name comes from the genus and the second two letters come from the species of the prokaryotic cell from which they were isolated.
In agarose gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies. Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. Do you know why mother's milk is considered very essential for the new-born infant? The yellowish fluid colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. Different species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malaria and P. falciparum) are responsible for different types of malaria. Of these, malignant malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal. The exaggerated response of the immune system to certain antigens present in the environment is called allergy. The use of drugs like anti-histamine, adrenalin and steroids quickly reduce the symptoms of allergy. Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, are often abused. Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller, and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery.
Malignant malaria is caused by -

Read the given passage and answer the question given below.
The sex linked recessive disease, which shows its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny has been widely studied. In this disease, a single protein that is a part of the cascade of proteins involved in the clotting of blood is affected. Due to this in an affected individual a simple cut will result in non-stop bleeding. The heterozygous female (carrier) for the disease may transmit it to sons. The possibility of a female becoming a sufferer of disease is extremely rare because mother of such a female has to be at least carrier and the father should be sufferer. The family pedigree of Queen Victoria shows a number of suffering descendents as she was a carrier of the disease.
Identify the genotype of queen Victoria. ('- gene for disorder)

Match List I with List II

List - I (Organism)	List - II (Product)
(A) Streptococcus	(I) Citric acid
(B) Aspergillus niger	(II) Streptokinase
(C) Monascus purpureus	(III) Ethanol
(D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae	(IV) Statin

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List I with List II

List I (Drug)	List ll (Plant)
(A) Morphine	(I) Tobacco
(B) Cannabinoids	(II) Erythroxylum coca
(C) Cocaine	(III) Papaver somniferum
(D) Nicotine	(IV) Cannabis sativa

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year-old girl with___________.

Read the passage carefully. Attempt the questions.
An overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment. Their body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient air and water osmotic concentration. These animals and plants are simply conformers. Considering the benefits of a constant internal environment to the organism, we must ask why these conformers had not evolved to become regulators. Recall the human analogy we used above; much as they like, how many people can really afford an air conditioner? Many simply 'sweat it out' and resign themselves to suboptimal performance in hot summer months. Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions. During the course of evolution, the costs and benefits of maintainin a constant internal environment are taken into consideration. Some species have evolved the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of environmental conditions, beyond which they simply conform.
If the stressful external conditions are localised or remain only for a short duration, the organism has five other alternatives for survival.
Conformers have not evolved to become regulators because:

Which of the following gives a yellow precipitate when treated with \(\text{I}_2\) in presence of \(\text{NaOH}\) ?

The angle between the planes whose equations are \(4 x+8 y+z=8\) and \(y+z=4\) is:

When a slab of insulating material 4 mm thick is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of separation 4 mm, it is found that the distance between the plates has to be increased by 3.2 mm to restore the capacity to its original value. The dielectric constant of the material is :

A light with an energy flux of 25 \( W/cm^2 \) falls on a non-reflecting surface at normal incidence. If the surface has an area of 50 \( cm^2 \) and the total energy falling on the surface is \( 10 \times 10^5 \) J. The total duration of time of the incidence of light is

The condition where one species is harmed whereas the other is unaffected is called.

A total of \(5.0 \times 10^{16}\) electrons per second go through a conductor of area \(2 mm^2\). The current density will be: