Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage:
Species diversity on earth is not uniformly distributed. It is generally highest in the tropics and decreases towards the poles. Earth's fossil history reveals the incidences of mass extinctions in the past. Earth's rich biodiversity is vital for the very survival of mankind. It is believed that communities with high diversity tend to be less variable and more productive. The reasons of conserving biodiversity are narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical. Biodiversity conservation may be in-situ as well as ex-situ.
How many episodes of mass extinction of species have occurred since the origin and diversification of life on earth?

Which of the following two STIs can be transmitted through contaminated surgical equipment and are not completely curable?

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding production of human insulin ?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions. During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. You must have noticed that bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to those made at home. This is because the bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
The bottled juices are clarified by the combination of -

The hormone which acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions is known as:

When the cells from malignant tumours start invading and damaging the normal tissues and reach distant sites through blood, the process is known as :

In India, the number of biosphere reserves and national parks are -

Which Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is more suitable when the male partner has low sperm count?

What physical quantity is the same for X-rays of wavelength \( 10^{-10} \) m, red light of wavelength 680 nm and radiowaves of wavelength 50 m?

The solution of the differential equation \(\frac{d r}{d t}=-r t, r(0)=r_0\) is

The rate of change of the area of a circular disc with respect to its circumference when radius is 3 is :

Smack is chemically:

Match List-I with List-II

List-I	List-II
(A) Magnifying power of a simple microscope	(I) \( \frac{L}{f_o} \times \frac{D}{f_e} \)
(B) Magnifying power of a compound microscope	(II) \( \frac{f_o}{f_e} \left(1 + \frac{f_e}{D}\right) \)
(C) Magnifying power of a telescope (normal adjustment)	(III) \( 1 + \frac{D}{f_e} \)
(D) Magnifying power of a telescope when final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision	(IV) \( \frac{f_o}{f_e} \)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: