Read the passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Recombinant DNA Technology Asexual reproduction preserves the genetic information, while sexual reproduction permits variation. Traditional hybridization procedures used in plants and animals breeding very often lead to inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes along with the desired genes. The techniques of genetic engineering, which include creation of recombinant DNA, use of gene cloning and gene transfer, overcome this limitation and allow us to isolate and introduce only one or a set of desirable genes without introducing genes into the target organism.
Which one of the following techniques is used to amplify a specific DNA sequence?

Genetically modified plants have been useful in:

Identify the microbes producing commercially important organic acids and enzymes from the given options:
(A) Trichoderma polysporum
(B) Streptococcus
(C) Clostridium butylicum
(D) Aspergillus niger
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A classical example of mutation arise due to change in a single base pair of DNA is:

Which one of the followings is an auto-immune disease?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Cancerous cells just continue to divide giving rise to masses of cells called tumors. Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage. The malignant tumors, on the other hand are a mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic or tumor cells. Transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells may be induced by physical, chemical or biological agents. Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like UV cause cancer. Cancer-causing viruses are called oncogenic viruses which have viral oncogenes. The substances to which an immune response is produced are called allergens. The antibodies produced to these are of IgE type. Common examples of allergens are mites in dust, pollens, animal dander, etc. The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. The secondary lymphoid organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells.
The tumors that remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body are:

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
Repeated amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from a bacterium, Thermusaquaticus}), which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA. The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. The convention for naming these enzymes is the first letter of the name comes from the genus and the second two letters come from the species of the prokaryotic cell from which they were isolated, e.g., EcoRI comes from Escherichiacoli} RY 13. In EcoRI, the letter 'R' is derived from the name of strain. Roman numbers following the names indicate the order in which the enzymes were isolated from that strain of bacteria. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer accomplished this in 1972 by isolating the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of DNA from a plasmid which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA, RNA, protein, polysaccharides etc. The RNA can be removed by treatment with ribonuclease whereas proteins can be removed by treatment with protease. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol.

The convention for naming restriction enzymes is:

Match List - I with List - II.

LIST I (Causal Agent)	LIST II (Disease)
(A) Salmonella typhi	(I) Typhoid
(B) Streptococcus pneumoniae	(II) Pneumonia
(C) Rhino Viruses	(III) Common cold
(D) Plasmodium	(IV) Malaria

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
The resistance ( \(R\) ) of an object is given by the expression \(R=\rho \frac{l}{A}\)
The inverse of \(R\) is called conductance and the inverse of \(\rho\) is called conductivity or specific conductance represented by \(\kappa\).
The conductivity depends upon the nature of the material (insulator, semiconductor or conductor) and the temperature of the substance.
Similarly, the conductance due to the ions present in the solution. (ionic conductance) depends upon the nature of the electrolyte, size of ions, the nature of the solvent and the temperature.
Molar conductivity ( \(\Lambda _{ m }\) ) of a solution at a given concentration is the conductance of volume \(V\) containing one mole of electrolyte kept between two electrodes of area \(A\) and unit distance apart.
It is given by the expression.\(A_m=\kappa V .\)
Molar conductivity increases with decrease in concentration and when concentration approaches sero, it is called limiting molar conductivity.
The decrease is linear for a strong electrolyte. However, for a weak electrolyte the change is gradual at higher concentrations and sharp near zero concentration.
Using limiting molar conductivity values of strong electrolytes we can calculate the limiting molar conductivity of weak electrolytes using Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
From molar conductivity and limiting molar conductivity we can determine the degree of dissociation \(\left(\frac{\Lambda_m}{\Lambda_m^0}\right)\) and the ionisation constant of a weak acid.
The limiting molar conductivity values for \(HCl , NaCl\) and \(CH _3 COONa\) are \(425.9,126.4\) and \(91.0 S cm ^2 mol^{-1}\), respectively.
Calculate the limiting molar conductivity value for acetic acid.

If \(y=38.85+7.64(x-2020)\) is the equation of the straight line trend for the following data:

Year(x)	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Profit( Rs. '000) (y)	14	30	26	44	38	56	64

The trend value for the year 2021 by least square method is :

If \(\left|\begin{array}{ll}3 & x \\ x & 1\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{ll}3 & 2 \\ 4 & 1\end{array}\right|\), then x is equal to :

Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions
Aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones are widespread in the animal and plant kingdoms. They play a pivotal role in various biochemical processes of life. Their presence in nature adds fragrance and flavor. These compounds are widely used in food products, pharmaceuticals, paints, resins and other important product industries. These compounds are prepared by various laboratory methods, which mainly include oxidation, formylation, acylation and reduction. Due to the polar nature of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones, they can exhibit different reactions like nucleophilic addition. They do exhibit redox and various condensation reactions which lead to the formation of various important compounds. On the other hand, the carboxylic acids are mainly prepared by oxidation and hydrolysis of different compounds. The carboxylic acid consists of a carbonyl group and the hydroxy group (attached to the carbonyl carbon atom). This makes it possible for the carboxylic acid to participate in various chemical reactions which involve cleavage of the \(C - OH\) bond and the O-H bond along with the reactions involving the complete - COOH group.
Which of the following compounds will give butanone on oxidation with chromic anhydride (CrO3)?

Read the given paragraph and answer the question:
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22 pairs are exactly same in both males and females; these are the autosomes. A pair of X-chromosome are present in the female, whereas the presence of an X and Y chromosome are determinant of the male characteristic.
A number of disorders in human beings have been found to be associated with the inheritance of changed or altered genes or chromosomes. Broadly, genetic disorder may be grouped into two categories-Mendelian disorders and Chromosomal disorders.
What is the probability of having a daughter to a couple expecting their first child?