Read the following passage carefully.
Restriction enzyme
Restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the center of the palindrome sites, but between the same two bases on the opposite strands. This leaves single stranded portions at the ends. There are overhanging stretches called sticky ends on each strand. These are named so because they form hydrogen bonds with their complementary cut counterparts. This stickiness of the ends facilitates the action of the enzyme DNA ligase. The word palindromes refer to group of letters that forms the same words when read both forward and backward. Restriction endonucleases are used in genetic engineering as molecular scissors.
Which one of the following option is correct about restriction enzyme?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Theory of Evolution
The evolution of life is a gradual process through which simple organisms are transformed into complex life forms over billions of years. It involves genetic changes, adaptation to the environment, and the emergence of diversity in species. Fossil records provide evidence of extinct life forms and transitional stages. Evolution is influenced by factors such as mutation, genetic recombination, and environmental pressure, shaping the biodiversity we see today. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace were pioneering naturalists who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
The study of fossils in different sedimentary layers indicates ______.

DNA recombinant technology involves the use of restriction endonucleases. After having cloned the gene of interest and having optimised the conditions to induce the expression of the target protein, one has to consider producing it on a large scale. The cells harbouring cloned genes of interest may be grown on a small scale in the laboratory. In order to link the alien DNA, the vector needs to have very few, preferably single, recognition sites for the commonly used restriction enzymes. Presence of more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning. In Biolistics or gene gun method cells are bombarded with high velocity micro particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA. The ligation of alien DNA is carried out at a restriction site present in one of the two antibiotic resistance genes. For example, you can ligate a foreign DNA at the BamH I site of tetracycline resistance gene in the vector pBR322. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. The RNA can be removed by treatment with ribonuclease whereas proteins can be removed by treatment with protease. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol.
pBR322, which is used in recombinant DNA technology, is a -

Which of the following statements are correct about restriction enzymes?
(A). Each restriction endonuclease recognizes a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
(B). Endonuclease removes nucleotides from the terminal end of the DNA.
(C). The first discovered restriction endonuclease is Hind II.
(D). Restriction enzymes belong to a larger class of enzyme polymerase.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Select which step/s out of the following doesn't/don't belong to the process of decomposition.
(A) Fragmentation
(B) Humification
(C) Anabolism
(D) Mineralisation
(E) Leaching
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Sacred groves in India are related to:

Microbes in human welfare Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. we use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day, like LAB to make curd, yeast to make bread, adding flavor and texture to cheese, producing antibiotics etc. The addition of LAB, improves the milk quality by increasing vit. B12. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used. For example, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 produced by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, the more is its polluting potential. In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy. Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as a nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter).
In anaerobic sludge digesters, the biogas produced by the bacteria, is composed of -

In a p-n junction, the magnitude of the drift current is lower than the magnitude of the diffusion current when the junction is

Consider the following data:

Year (x)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Profit (₹) (y)	114	130	126	144	138	156	164

The equation of straight line trend by using least square method is, y =138.86 + 7.64 (x - 2007), then the trend values for the year 2004 is

How much current is needed to pass for 1 sec for depositing a metal with a mass equal to double of its electrochemical equivalent?

Identify the correct statements.
(A) The density of nuclear matter is independent of the size of the nucleus.
(B) Nuclear forces are charge independent and are non-central forces.
(C) The nuclides having the same mass number are called isotones.
(D) The mass of a nucleus can be less or more than the sum of the masses of nucleons present inside it.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Let A = {1, 2, 3} Consider the relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)} Then R is:

The order and degree of the differential equation \(x\left(\frac{d y}{d x}\right)^3+\left(\frac{d^2 y}{d x^2}\right)^2-3 \frac{d y}{d x}+y=0\) respectively, are: