Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions. During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. You must have noticed that bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to those made at home. This is because the bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
The bottled juices are clarified by the combination of -

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions:
DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
The drugs, commonly abused are opioids, cannabinoids, and coca alkaloids. Opioids are the drugs, which bind to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. Cannabinoids are a group of chemicals, which interact with cannabinoid receptors present principally in the brain. Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa. The flower tops, leaves and the resin of cannabis plant are used in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. Generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known for their effects on cardiovascular system of the body. It interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine. Cocaine, commonly called coke or crack is usually snorted. It has a potent stimulating action on central nervous system, producing a sense of euphoria and increased energy. Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations. Other well-known plants with hallucinogenic properties are Atropa belladona and Datura. These days cannabinoids are also being abused by some sportspersons. Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, are often abused. Morphine is a very effective sedative and painkiller, and is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery. Several plants, fruits and seeds having hallucinogenic properties have been used for hundreds of years in folk-medicine, religious ceremonies and rituals all over the globe.
Heroine (Smack) which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant is chemically called:

For the protection from herbivore animals, the plant Calotropis secretes the highly poisonous compound known as -

Read the passage carefully. Attempt the questions.
An overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment. Their body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient air and water osmotic concentration. These animals and plants are simply conformers. Considering the benefits of a constant internal environment to the organism, we must ask why these conformers had not evolved to become regulators. Recall the human analogy we used above; much as they like, how many people can really afford an air conditioner? Many simply 'sweat it out' and resign themselves to suboptimal performance in hot summer months. Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions. During the course of evolution, the costs and benefits of maintainin a constant internal environment are taken into consideration. Some species have evolved the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of environmental conditions, beyond which they simply conform.
If the stressful external conditions are localised or remain only for a short duration, the organism has five other alternatives for survival.
Identify the statements which support the reason why small animals are rarely found in polar regions.
A. Small animals have larger surface area relative to their volume
B. Small animals have larger volume relative to their surface area
C. Shrews and humming birds are not found in polar region
D. Small animals have smaller surface area relative to their volume

Match List I with List II

List - I	List - II
(A) Both the species are benefitted	(I) Competition
(B) One of the species is benefitted but the other is harmed	(II) Parasitism
(C) One of the species is benefitted but the other is neither benefitted nor harmed	(III) Commensalism
(D) Both the species are harmed	(IV) Amensalism
	(V) Mutualism

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Process/terms related to ecosystem)	List-II (Explanations)
(A) Decomposition	(I) Highly resistant to microbial actions
(B) Humus	(II) Oxygen dependent process
(C) Stratification	(III) Break down of detritus
(D) Fragmentation	(IV) Distribution of species

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I (Molecule)	List - II (Application)
(A) Statin	(I) Immunosuppressive agent
(B) Streptokinase	(II) Detergent formulations
(C) Cyclosporin A	(III) Blood-cholesterol lowering agent
(D) Lipase	(IV) Clot buster

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Let \(f: R \rightarrow R\) be defined as \(f(x)=5 x^2\). Choose the correct answer :

For the following probability distribution,

X	1	2	3	4
p(x)	\(\frac{1}{10}\)	\(\frac{1}{5}\)	\(\frac{3}{10}\)	\(\frac{2}{5}\)

The value of \(E\left(X^2\right)-[E(X)]^2\)

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acidic character.
(A) m-nitrophenol
(B) p-nitrophenol
(C) Phenol
(D) p-methoxyphenol
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Find the odd one out with reference to terrestrial ecosystem:

If \(e^x+e^y=e^{x+y}\), then \(\frac{d y}{d x}=\)

The reaction of neutral \(M n O 4 ^{ \wedge }\) - and \(I ^{ \wedge }\) - gives