Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions
The earthworm is referred to as the farmer's friend. This is because they help in the breakdown of complex organic matter as well as in loosening of soil. Similarly, decomposers break down complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water and nutrients and the process is called decomposition. Dead plant remains such as leaves, bark, flowers and dead remains of animals, including fecal matter, constitute detritus, which is the raw material for decomposition. Some of the steps in the process of decomposition are fragmentation, catabolism, leaching, humification etc.
The process of breaking down of detritus into smaller particles is called:

Which one of the following diseases can be treated by human protein (a -1-
antitrypsin) produced by transgenic animals?

Match List I with List II

LIST I	LIST II
A. RNA interference	I. alpha-lactalbumin enriched food
B. Bt cotton	II. Vitamin A enriched food
C. Golden rice	III. Resistant to boll worms
D. Rosie	IV. To develop nematode resistance crops

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Bacillus thuringiensis produces proteins (Bt toxin) that kill certain insects.
Identify the correct statements.
(A) Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive form (protoxin) in Bacillus
thuringiensis.
(B) Bt toxin protein exists as an active form toxin in the insect gut.
(C) The alkaline pH of the gut of an insect solubilize the toxin and converts
in an inactive form.
(D) The toxin is coded by a gene crylac named cry.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Terms)	List-II (Examples)
(A) Somatic hybrid	(I) Bt toxin
(B) Tissue culture	(II) Apical and axillary meristem
(C) Insecticidal protein	(III) Pomato
(D) Virus free plant	(IV) Explants

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Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage:
Pollen pistil interaction involves all events from the landing of pollen grains on the stigma until the pollen tube enters the embryo sac (when the pollen is compatible). When a pollen tube grows through the style and enters into the ovules, it finally discharges two male gametes in one of the synergids. Syngamy and triple fusion are two fusion events occur in angiosperms. Thus, angiosperms exhibit double fertilization. The products of these fusions are the diploid zygote and triploid primary endosperm nucleus. Zygote develops into embryo and primary endosperm cell forms the endosperm tissue. The developing embryo passes through different stages before maturation.
Formation of diploid zygote is a result of:

Cuckoo layings it's egg in the nest of crow for incubation is an example of-

Which one of the following structure is haploid (n) in relation to male reproductive system?

A divalent ion of 'V' (Atomic no. - 23) in aqueous solution is :

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Carboxylic acids are the organic compounds which comprise of carboxyl functional group, -COOH. These are generally found in nature, some higher members are known as fatty acids as they occur in natural fats as esters of glycerol. They can be prepared from oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes, hydrolysis of nitriles and amides and Grignard reagents. They are stronger acids than simple phenols and alcohols. but weaker than mineral acids. Substituents affect the acidity of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. They undergo reactions involving cleavage of -OH and C-OH bond. Carboxylic acids having an alpha hydrogen get halogenated in the presence of red phosphorus to form alpha halo carboxylic acids. The reaction is known as Hell Volhard Zelinsky reaction. Besides these aromatic carboxylic acids undergo electrophilic substitution reactions. They are versatile and are employed in the manufacture of various useful compounds. For example, methanoic acid is used in rubber, textile, dyeing, leather and electroplating industries. Higher fatty acids are used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. Esters of Benzoic acid are used in perfumery.
The reagents needed for the preparation of Benzoic acid from ethyl benzene is :

The electron in a hydrogen atom rises from its n = 1 state to n = 4 state by absorbing energy. The energy of the electron in the n = 1 state is -13.6 eV. How much energy is absorbed by the electron in transition?

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There are mainly four series of the transition metals, \(3 d\) series ( \(S c\) to Zn), \(4 d\) series (Y to Cd), 5d series (La and Hf to Hg) and 6d series which has \(A c\) and elements from Rf to Cn. The two series of the inner transition metals; \(4 f\) (Ce to Lu) and \(5 f\) (Th to Lr) are known as lanthanoids and actinoids respectively. Their chemical properties are transitional between those of \(s\) and p-block elements. The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are very hard and have low volatility. Their melting and boiling points are high. Transition metals have incomplete d subshell either in neutral atom or in their ions. With partly filled d orbitals these elements exhibit certain characteristic properties such as display of a variety of oxidation states, formation of coloured ions and entering into complex formation with a variety of ligands. The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic activity.
In series Sc to Zn, the lowest enthalpy of atomization is shown by

Electric potential on an equitorial plane of an electric dipole is taken as zero. This is based on