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Cancerous cells just continue to divide giving rise to masses of cells called tumors. Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage. The malignant tumors, on the other hand are a mass of proliferating cells called neoplastic or tumor cells. Transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells may be induced by physical, chemical or biological agents. Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like UV cause cancer. Cancer-causing viruses are called oncogenic viruses which have viral oncogenes. The substances to which an immune response is produced are called allergens. The antibodies produced to these are of IgE type. Common examples of allergens are mites in dust, pollens, animal dander, etc. The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. The secondary lymphoid organs provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells.
Which one of the following antibodies are produced in response to the allergens?

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Pest Resistance Plants
Various nematodes parasitize a wide variety of plants and animals, including human beings. A nematode, Meloidogyne incognitia, infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A noval strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing). Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has: (i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat). (ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops). (iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil). (v) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., golden rice, i.e., Vitamin 'A' enriched rice. Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredicatable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem. Therefore, the Indian Government has set up organisations such as GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee), which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).
Which one infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield?

The production of beta-galactosidase by the lac operon is started when:

Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the given questions.
In the year 1963 the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E. coli were isolated. The first restriction endonuclease - Hind II, whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was characterized five years later. It was found that Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognizing a specific sequence of six base pairs. This specific base sequence is known as the recognition sequence for Hind II. Besides Hind II, today we know more than 900 restriction enzymes that have been isolated from over 230 strains of bacteria, each of which recognize different recognition sequences.
Hind II is a restriction endonuclease because

The Roquefort cheese are ripened by growing a specific_______ on them, which gives them a particular flavour.

Match List-I with List-II

List-I ( Terms)	List-II (Examples)
(A) Chromosomal disorder	(I) Color Blindness
(B) Incomplete dominance	(II) Drosophila
(C) Sex-linked recessive disorder	(III) Antirrhinum
(D) Male heterogamety	(IV) Down's Syndrome

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Identify the gene which is effective against corn borer.

Fog is a colloidal solution of

Which of the following amines can be prepared by Gabriel synthesis ?
(A) Isobutyl amine
(B) 2-Phenyl ethylamine
(C) N-Methyl benzyl amine
(D) Aniline
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Name a transition element which does not exhibit variable oxidation states

The maximum value of \(\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^x\) for \(x>0\) is

The desalination of sea water plant stops working due to which of the following reasons?

Ex-situ conservation method does not include:
(A) Cryopreservation
(B) National park
(C) Zoological park
(D) Sacred groves
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