Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. You must have noticed that bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to those made at home. This is because the bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by micro-organisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
BOD is a measure of-

Read the paragraph and answer the question.
Broadly, genetic disorders may be grouped into two categories - Mendelian disorders and Chromosomal disorders. Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. These disorders are transmitted to the offspring on the same lines as we have studied in the principle of inheritance. The trait may also be linked to the sex chromosome as in case of haemophilia. It is evident that this X-linked recessive trait shows transmission from carrier female of male progeny.
Match List I with List II

List I	List ll
(A) Autosomal dominant trait	(I) Klinefelter's Syndrome
(B) Autosomal recessive trait	(II) Sickle Cell Anaemia
(C) Sex linked recessive trait	(III) Myotonic Dystrophy
(D) Gain of chromosomes	(IV) Haemophilia

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Which of the following enzymes are used to clarify the packed juices?
(A) Pectinases
(B) Kinases
(C) Proteases
(D) Nucleases
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Paleontological evidences for evolution refers to :

Which one of the following codons performs a dual function?

Arrange the following in the order of their occurrance.
(A) Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa
(B) Spermatogonia are multiplied by mitotic division
(C) Sperms are released from seminiferous tubules by the process of
spermiation
(D) Sperm heads are embedded in sertoli cells
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Read the given paragraph carefully and answer the following questions:
Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus). There are some basic steps in genetically modifying an organism (i) identification of DNA with desirable genes; (ii) introduction of the identified DNA into the host; (iii) maintenance of introduced DNA in the host and transfer of the DNA to its progeny. Agrobacterium tumifaciens, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as 'T-DNA' to transform normal plant cells into a tumor and direct these tumor cells to produce the chemicals required by the pathogen. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol. Selection of recombinants due to inactivation of antibiotics is a cumbersome procedure because it requires simultaneous plating on two plates having different antibiotics. Therefore, alternative selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from non-recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, ß-galactosidase. This results into inactivation of the gene for synthesis of this enzyme, which is referred to as insertional inactivation.
Which one of the following steps is not involved in genetical modification of an organisms?

Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?

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Aldehydes, carboxylic acids and ketones are widespread in the animal and plant kingdoms.
They play a pivotal role in various biochemical processes of life. Their presence in nature
adds fragrance and flavor. These compounds are widely used in food products, pharmaceuticals, paints, resins and other important product industries. These compounds are prepared by various laboratory methods, which mainly include oxidation, formylation, acylation and reduction. Due to the polar nature of the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones, they can exhibit different reactions like nucleophilic addition. They do exhibit redox and various condensation reactions which lead to the formation of various important compounds. On the other hand, the carboxylic acids are mainly prepared by oxidation and hydrolysis of different compounds. The carboxylic acid consists of a carbonyl group and the hydroxy group (attached to the carbonyl carbon atom). This makes it possible for the carboxylic acid to participate in various chemical reactions which involve cleavage of the C- OH bond and the O_H bond along with the reactions involving the complete -COOH group.
The IUPAC name of following compound is
OHC - C₆H₄ - CHO - p

Identify the correct statements
(A) Electric current arises due to the continuous flow of electrons or ions.
(B) A current flows through a conductor only when there is an electric field within the
conductor.
(C) The drift velocity of electrons is directly proportional to the applied electric field.
(D) The average thermal velocity of the electrons in a conductor is zero.
(E) In the absence of an electric field, the electrons in a conductor are at rest.
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Which of the following statements is correct for a compound microscope?

A 50 cm long air core solenoid has a 2 cm radius and 500 turns. The self-inductance of the solenoid would be (given \(\mu_0=4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \operatorname{Tm} * A^{-1}\) and \(\pi^2=10\) )

Pleiotropic genes are: