Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Productivity in the Ecosystem
The flow of energy through a terrestrial ecosystem starts with the harnessing of sunlight by autotrophs. The radiant energy is converted by photosynthesis to organic compounds is known as productivity. The productivity is expressed in units of energy per unit of area per unit time. The amount of organic matter present at any given time is biomass. The productivity of any ecosystem is affected by many parameters like weather conditions, nutrient availability etc. The productivity of any ecosystem does vary seasonally and yearly.
The amount of organic matter accumulated in an ecosystem at a given time is known as-

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Structures)	List-II (Characteristics)
(A) Heterochromatin	(I) A set of positively charged basic proteins
(B) Nucleosomes	(II) Densely packed and inactive genetic material
(C) Histones	(III) Transcriptionally active genetic material
(D) Euchromatin	(IV) DNA is wrapped around the histone octamer to formthis structure

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Humification leads to :

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains- chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans. Bt toxin protein is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilise the crystals. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (alpha-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has: (i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses. (ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops). (iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil). (v) enhanced nutritional value of food.
Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products such as human protein (alpha-1-antitrypsin) used to treat the disorder:

About __________ the first cellular forms of life appeared on earth.

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains- chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans. Bt toxin protein is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilise the crystals. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (alpha-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has: (i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses. (ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops). (iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil). (v) enhanced nutritional value of food.
Identify the incorrect fact about genetic modification.

Which of the following is helpful in removing oil stains from the clothes ?

The set of points where the function given by \(f(x) = |x - 2|\) is differentiable is:

Which one of the following is NOT the function of Leydig cells ?

The steam distillation method is used for the separation of 1 : 1 mixture of p-nitrophenol and o-nitrophenols because

The role of restriction enzyme in recombinant DNA technology is:

If A is a square matrix such that \(A^2=A\), then \((I+A)^3-7 A\) is equal to:

The zwitter ion formed in an aqueous solution of glycine is