Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the given questions.
In the year 1963 the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E. coli were isolated. The first restriction endonuclease - Hind II, whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was characterized five years later. It was found that Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognizing a specific sequence of six base pairs. This specific base sequence is known as the recognition sequence for Hind II. Besides Hind II, today we know more than 900 restriction enzymes that have been isolated from over 230 strains of bacteria, each of which recognize different recognition sequences.
In EcoR I the latter 'R' is derived from the -

Microbes in human welfare Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. we use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day, like LAB to make curd, yeast to make bread, adding flavor and texture to cheese, producing antibiotics etc. The addition of LAB, improves the milk quality by increasing vit. B12. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used. For example, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 produced by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, the more is its polluting potential. In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy. Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as a nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter).
The large holes in Swiss cheese are generated by-

Match List - I with List - II.

LIST I (Disease)	LIST II (Causal organism)
A. Ascariasis	I. Salmonella typhi
B. Amoebiasis	II. Plasmodium vivax
C. Typhoid	III. Entamoeba histolytica
D. Malaria	IV. Ascaris

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Select the wrong statement(s) with respect to HIV
A. HIV belongs to retrovirus group.
B. HIV infection can occur by transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products.
C. In macrophages, viral DNA is produced by reverse transcription.
D. HIV enter into B-lymphocytes, replicate and produce progeny.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A nematode, Meloidogyne incognitia infects the roots of _______ and causes a great reduction in yield.

Which of the following statements about the human female reproductive system is correct?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains- chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans. Bt toxin protein is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilise the crystals. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (alpha-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has: (i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses. (ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops). (iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil). (v) enhanced nutritional value of food.
Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products such as human protein (alpha-1-antitrypsin) used to treat the disorder:

Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling points
(A) \(n- C _4 H _6 NH _2\)
(B) \(\left( C _2 H _5\right)_2 NH\)
(C) \(n- C _4 H _9 OH\)
(D) \(C _2 H _5 N\left( CH _3\right)_2\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The voltage sensitivity of a voltmeter can be increased by :
(A) decreasing the resistance of the voltmeter
(B) increasing the resistance of the voltmeter
(C) decreasing the torsional constant of spring
(D) increasing the number of turns of the coil
(E) taking a strong permanent magnet
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The repetitive use of which of the following logic gate/s separately can be used to prepare an AND gate ?
(A) OR gate
(B) NOT gate
(C) NOR gate
(D) NAND gate
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The window of the house is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circular portion, having a perimeter of 10 m as shown in figure.

If \(x\) and \(y\) represent the length and breadth of rectangular region, then relation between \(x\) and \(y\) is:

Select the correct option for the statements given below.
(A) The diffraction pattern is a superposition of waves originating from each point on a single slit.
(B) The interference pattern is the superposition of two waves originating from two narrow slits.
(C) The diffraction pattern in single slit has a central bright maximum brighter than other maxima.
(D) The interference in double slit has a number of equally spaced bright and dark bands.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following change is observed when light travels from air to glass ?