MONOHYBRID CROSS
The inheritance of flower color in the dog flower (Snapdragon or Antirrhinum sp.) can be understood by crossbreeding between true-breeding red-flowered (RR) and true-breeding white-flowered plants (rr). When they were crossed, F₁ (Rr) was pink. When F₁ was self-pollinated, the F₂ results were Red, Pink and White. Here the genotype ratios were exactly as expected, but the phenotype ratios have been changed. What happened was that R was not completely dominant over r and this made it possible to distinguish Rr as pink from RR (Red) and rr (White).
What will be the phenotypic ratio in F₂ generation when F₁ (Rr) was self-pollinated?

Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the given questions.
In the year 1963 the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E. coli were isolated. The first restriction endonuclease - Hind II, whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was characterized five years later. It was found that Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognizing a specific sequence of six base pairs. This specific base sequence is known as the recognition sequence for Hind II. Besides Hind II, today we know more than 900 restriction enzymes that have been isolated from over 230 strains of bacteria, each of which recognize different recognition sequences.
When DNA from different sources is cut by the same restriction enzymes, the resultant DNA fragments have the :

'Terror of Bengal' is another name of:

In a garden pea, the axial flower is dominant to terminal flower. What will be the percentage of offsprings with terminal flowers, when two heterozygous plants are crossed?

BOD values of three water samples A, B and C were recorded as 20 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 50 mg/L. Which of the sample is/are the most polluted?

Read the passage carefully. Attempt the questions.
An overwhelming majority (99 per cent) of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal environment. Their body temperature changes with the ambient temperature. In aquatic animals, the osmotic concentration of the body fluids change with that of the ambient air and water osmotic concentration. These animals and plants are simply conformers. Considering the benefits of a constant internal environment to the organism, we must ask why these conformers had not evolved to become regulators. Recall the human analogy we used above; much as they like, how many people can really afford an air conditioner? Many simply 'sweat it out' and resign themselves to suboptimal performance in hot summer months. Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions. During the course of evolution, the costs and benefits of maintainin a constant internal environment are taken into consideration. Some species have evolved the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of environmental conditions, beyond which they simply conform.
If the stressful external conditions are localised or remain only for a short duration, the organism has five other alternatives for survival.
Identify the statements which support the reason why small animals are rarely found in polar regions.
A. Small animals have larger surface area relative to their volume
B. Small animals have larger volume relative to their surface area
C. Shrews and humming birds are not found in polar region
D. Small animals have smaller surface area relative to their volume

Which of the following is an example of homologous organs?

Match List-I with List-II for a cyclotron

LIST I	LIST II
(A) Frequency of revolution of charged particle	(I) Bqv
(B) Velocity of charged particle	(II) \(\frac{q^2 B^2 R^2}{2m}\)
(C) Kinetic energy of charged particle	(III) \(\frac{qBR}{m}\)
(D) Force on charged particle when it is inside	(IV) \(\frac{B q}{2 \pi m}\)

A coil \(C_1\) is connected to a galvanometer G. Second coil \(C_2\) is connected to a battery through a tapping key. The steady current in the coil \(C_2\) produces a steady magnetic field. As coil \(C_2\) is moved towards the coil \(C_1\), the galvanometer shows a deflection. To obtain a large deflection, one or more of the following steps can be taken:
(A) Use a rod made of soft iron inside the coil \(C_2\)
(B) Connect the coil \(C_2\) to a more powerful battery
(C) Move the arrangement of coil \(C_2\) rapidly towards the coil \(C_1\)
(D) hold the key pressed continuously
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Arrange the following amines in increasing order of basicity in aqueous solution
(A)\(\left( CH _3\right)_2 NH\)
(B) \(CH _3 NH _2\)
(C)\(\left( CH _3\right)_3 N\)
(D) \(NH _3\)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following organism does not show 'XO' condition chromosomes?

A short bar magnet of magnetic moment \( 5.25 \times 10^{-2} \text{ J/T} \) is placed with its axis perpendicular to Earth's magnetic field direction. The distance from the center of the magnet on its perpendicular bisector where the resultant field makes 45° with Earth's field will be : (Earth's magnetic field at that place is 0.42 G.)

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage:
Pest Resistance Plants
Various nematodes parasitize a wide variety of plants and animals, including human beings. A nematode, Meloidogyne incognitia, infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A noval strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing). Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has: (i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat). (ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops). (iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil). (v) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., golden rice, i.e., Vitamin 'A' enriched rice. Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredicatable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem. Therefore, the Indian Government has set up organisations such as GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee), which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).
Bacillus thuringiensis produces proteins that do not kill certain insects such as