Miller's experiment provided evidence for:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents are in the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus. These viruses are excellent candidates for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications. They have been shown to have no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds, fish or even on non-target insects. BOD refers to the amount of the oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one liter of water were oxidised by bacteria. The sewage water is treated till the BOD is reduced. Cheese, is one of the oldest food items in which microbes were used. Different varieties of cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste. For example, the large holes in 'Swiss cheese' are due to production of a large amount of CO₂ by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.
The greater the BOD of waste water-

Which one of the following is not associated with the process of transcription in bacteria?

The presence of additional copy of X chromosome in humans lead to

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions. During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. You must have noticed that bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to those made at home. This is because the bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
The bottled juices are clarified by the combination of -

During allergic reactions, which of the followings are secreted?
(A) Histamines
(B) Interferons
(C) Serotonin
(D) Pyrogens
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

"Match List-l with List-ll

List-l (Terms)	List-II (Features)
(A). Amniocentesis	(I). Maternal mortality rate
(B). MMR	(II). Surgical method of contraception
(C). Periodic abstinence	(III). Process to test genetic disorders in foetus
(D). Vasectomy	(IV). Natural method of contraception

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: "

In the reaction below, identify the species undergoing oxidation and reduction.
H\(_2\)\(\mathrm{S}\)(g) + Cl\(_2\)(g) \(\rightarrow\) 2HCl(g) + S(s)

Match List-I and List-II.

List-I	List-II
(A) Adenine	(I) Purine
(B) Thymine	(II) Pyrimidine
(C) Uracil	(III) RNA
(D) Deoxyribose	(IV) DNA

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Read the passage carefully. Attempt the questions.
In our body, cell growth and differentiation is highly controlled and regulated. In cancer cells, there is breakdown of these regulatory mechanisms. Cancerous cells just continue to divide giving rise to masses of cells called tumors. Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location. The malignant tumors, on the other hand are a mass of proliferating cells. These cells actively divide and starve the normal cells by competing for vital nutrients. Cells sloughed from such tumors reach distant sites through blood, and wherever they get lodged in the body, they start a new tumor there. This property is called metastasis. Transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells may be induced by physical, chemical or biological agents called carcinogens.
Cancer is caused by:
A. Carcinogens
B. Protein rich foods
C. Primary lymphocytes
D. Oncogenes
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The solution set of the inequation \(|2 x-3| \leq 4\) is

Area of the region bounded by \(y=3 x, x\)-axis, and \(x=-1\) is :

What is the IUPAC name of m-cresol?