Match List - I with List - II.

List - I	List - II
(A) Mutualism	(I) Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos island and goat
(B) Commensalism	(II) Crow and Cuckoo
(C) Brood Parasitism	(III) Sea anemone and Clown fish
(D) Competition	(IV) Lichen

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Plants capture only ______ of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and this small amount of energy sustains the entire living world.

Arrange the following geological periods in their occurrence from latest to oldest order.
(A) Triassic
(B) Carboniferous
(C) Tertiary
(D) Jurassic
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following is not categorized under narrowly utilitarian benefit for conserving biodiversity?

Read the given paragraph carefully and answer the following questions:
Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules such as RNA, proteins, polysaccharides and also lipids. This can be achieved by treating the bacterial cells/plant or animal tissue with enzymes such as lysozyme (bacteria), cellulase (plant cells), chitinase (fungus). There are some basic steps in genetically modifying an organism (i) identification of DNA with desirable genes; (ii) introduction of the identified DNA into the host; (iii) maintenance of introduced DNA in the host and transfer of the DNA to its progeny. Agrobacterium tumifaciens, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as 'T-DNA' to transform normal plant cells into a tumor and direct these tumor cells to produce the chemicals required by the pathogen. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol. Selection of recombinants due to inactivation of antibiotics is a cumbersome procedure because it requires simultaneous plating on two plates having different antibiotics. Therefore, alternative selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from non-recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, ß-galactosidase. This results into inactivation of the gene for synthesis of this enzyme, which is referred to as insertional inactivation.
Which one of the following steps is not involved in genetical modification of an organisms?

Of the incident solar radiation, what is the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)?

Which of the following option is correct for ammensalism?

Match List - I with List - II.

List - I	List - II
(A) Aspergillus niger	(I) Butyric acid
(B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae	(II) Citric acid
(C) Clostridium butylicum	(III) Lactic acid
(D) Lactobacillus	(IV) Ethanol

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
Ethers with the general formula \(C _n H _{2 n+2} O\) and functional group C-O-C may be divided as symmetrical and unsymmetrical.
Lower symmetrical ether may be obtained by the dehydration of alcohols at low temperatures in the presence of protic acids,
such as \(H _2 SO _4\) and \(H _3 PO _4\) whereas at high temperature intramolecular dehydration takes place.
Formation of ether from primary alcohols is also accompanied by the formation of small amount of alkenes.
Due to the steric hinderance, secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo elimination reaction rather than substitution reaction yielding alkene as major product. Ethers can also be obtained by heating alkyl halides with sodium or potassium alkoxides.
Substituted Ethers (secondary & tertiary) can also be prepared using this method.
If primary halides are replaced with secondary and tertiary halides, alkenes are the major products. The compound with the lowest boiling point is

Which of the following device is used to culture large volumes of living cells to get products on large scale?

If the matrix \(\left(\begin{array}{ccc}2 & 4 & 5 \\ 4 & 2 & 3 \\ K & 3 & 2\end{array}\right)\) is a symmetric matrix, then the value of \(K\) is :

The unit's digit in \(13^{61}\) is

Two point charges placed a distance d apart in vacuum exert a force of magnitude F on each other. One of the two charges is doubled. To keep the magnitude of force same the separation between the charges should be changed to