Inactive protoxins is converted into its active toxin by:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Plasmodium, a tiny protozoan is responsible for the disease malaria. Different species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. malaria and P. falciparum) are responsible for different types of malaria. Of these, malignant malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal. Innate immunity consist of four types of barriers. These are – (i) Physical barriers- skin on our body is the main barrier which prevents entry of the micro-organisms. (ii) Physiological barriers- Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from eyes-all prevent microbial growth. (iii) Cellular barriers- Certain types of leukocytes (WBC) of our body like polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils) and monocytes and natural killer (type of lymphocytes) in the blood as well as macrophages in tissues can phagocytose and destroy microbes. (iv) Cytokine barriers- virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection. Allergy is due to the release of chemicals like histamine and serotonin from the mast cells. The use of drugs like anti-histamine, adrenalin and steroids quickly reduce the symptoms of allergy. Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, are often abused.
Which one of the followings is not an example of physiological barriers?

Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the given questions.
In the year 1963 the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E. coli were isolated. The first restriction endonuclease - Hind II, whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was characterized five years later. It was found that Hind II always cut DNA molecules at a particular point by recognizing a specific sequence of six base pairs. This specific base sequence is known as the recognition sequence for Hind II. Besides Hind II, today we know more than 900 restriction enzymes that have been isolated from over 230 strains of bacteria, each of which recognize different recognition sequences.
Restriction enzymes are also known as

Which of the following organism does not show 'XO' condition chromosomes?

MONOHYBRID CROSS
The inheritance of flower color in the dog flower (Snapdragon or Antirrhinum sp.) can be understood by crossbreeding between true-breeding red-flowered (RR) and true-breeding white-flowered plants (rr). When they were crossed, F₁ (Rr) was pink. When F₁ was self-pollinated, the F₂ results were Red, Pink and White. Here the genotype ratios were exactly as expected, but the phenotype ratios have been changed. What happened was that R was not completely dominant over r and this made it possible to distinguish Rr as pink from RR (Red) and rr (White).
What was the expected phenotypic ratio in any Mendelian monohybrid cross that had changed when F₁ (Rr) was self-pollinated in this cross?

Read the given passage and answer the question given below.
The sex linked recessive disease, which shows its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny has been widely studied. In this disease, a single protein that is a part of the cascade of proteins involved in the clotting of blood is affected. Due to this in an affected individual a simple cut will result in non-stop bleeding. The heterozygous female (carrier) for the disease may transmit it to sons. The possibility of a female becoming a sufferer of disease is extremely rare because mother of such a female has to be at least carrier and the father should be sufferer. The family pedigree of Queen Victoria shows a number of suffering descendents as she was a carrier of the disease.
Man who is sufferer of the disease marries a woman who is a carrier of this disease. What percentage of children born as carrier of this disease?

In angiosperms, the outer wall of ovary develops into :

Which of the following is a vertex of the positive region bounded by the inequalities:
\(4 x+y \geq 80 ; \quad 2 x+y \geq 60 ; \quad x, y \geq 0\)

The process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA is termed as

Consider the following test:
\(H _0: \mu \leq 12\)
\(H _{ a }: \mu>12\)
A sample of 36 provided a sample mean \(\bar{x}\) = 16 and a sample standard deviation S = 4.2 Then the value of the t-test statistic is:

Population density at time t + 1 is typically expressed as:
\(N t+1=N t+(\{B+I\}-\{D+E\})\) where \(B+I\),

The value of \(\left|\begin{array}{lll}265 & 240 & 219 \\ 240 & 225 & 198 \\ 219 & 198 & 181\end{array}\right|\) is

When \(Br_2\) is treated with aqueous solution of \(NaF, NaCl, NaI\) separately: