If an E.coli with heavy DNA (N15) is put in a medium with NH \(CI [ N 14]\) then, what type of DNA will be obtained after two generations/replications ?

Microbes in human welfare Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. we use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day, like LAB to make curd, yeast to make bread, adding flavor and texture to cheese, producing antibiotics etc. The addition of LAB, improves the milk quality by increasing vit. B12. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used. For example, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 produced by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, the more is its polluting potential. In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy. Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as a nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter).
The large holes in Swiss cheese are generated by-

Genetically modified plants have been useful in:

Observe the illustration and answer the following question:



Match List I with List II.

LIST I	LIST II
A. Spermatozoa	I. Embedding of sperms
B. Primary spermatocyte	II. Androgen secretion
C. Leydig cells	III. Male gamete
D. Sertoli cells	IV. Diploid cell

Choose the correct option from the ones given below:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions
The earthworm is referred to as the farmer's friend. This is because they help in the breakdown of complex organic matter as well as in loosening of soil. Similarly, decomposers break down complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water and nutrients and the process is called decomposition. Dead plant remains such as leaves, bark, flowers and dead remains of animals, including fecal matter, constitute detritus, which is the raw material for decomposition. Some of the steps in the process of decomposition are fragmentation, catabolism, leaching, humification etc.
The process of breaking down of detritus into smaller particles is called:

Microbes in human welfare Microbes are a very important component of life on earth. we use microbes and microbially derived products almost every day, like LAB to make curd, yeast to make bread, adding flavor and texture to cheese, producing antibiotics etc. The addition of LAB, improves the milk quality by increasing vit. B12. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes are used. For example, large holes in Swiss cheese are due to CO2 produced by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, the more is its polluting potential. In anaerobic sludge digesters, bacteria produce a mixture of gases like methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as a source of energy. Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. You have studied about the nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as a nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter).
Which statement is true about LAB ?

Match List-I with List-II

List-I ( Terms)	List-II (Examples/Explanations)
(A) Homology	(I) Forelimbs of mammals
(B) Analogy	(II) Wings of birds and butterfly
(C) Convergent evolution	(III) Common habitat and function
(D) Divergent evolution	(IV) Common ancestry of structure

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

If \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}2 x-1 & 4 x \\ 0 & y^2-1\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc}x+1 & 8 \\ 0 & 24\end{array}\right]\), then the value of \((x+y)\) is :

The minimum value of the function f(x) = 3sinx - 4cosx, x ∈ [- 4π, 4π] is equal to

Benzene ring in phenol is expected to give the characteristic substitution or replacement reactions i.e. halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, alkylation etc. In these reactions, the attacking reagent is electrophile. The phenolic group activates the ortho and para positions in the ring due to conjugation. Disubstitution reactions are quite fast as the electron density in the ring has increased considerably. Phenols do not respond to nucleophilic substitution reactions as it is influenced by phenolic group.
Secondary alcohol among the following is:

(A)

(B) \(H _2 C = CH _2- CH _2 OH\)

(C) \(H _3 C - CH _2- CH _2 OH\)
(D)
(E)

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

For \(x \in\left(0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right), \int \frac{1}{\sin ^2 x+\sin 2 x} d x\) is equal to

In a 500 m race, the ratio of speeds of two participants \(A\) and \(B\) is \(4: 5\).
If \(A\) has a start of 180 m , then the distance by which \(A\) wins is :

If A and B are two events such that \(P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.4\) and \(P(A \cup B) = 0.5\) then value of \(P(A/B)\) is: