Fruits develop without fertilization in few species, the process is called:

Hardy - Weinberg principle states that:

The DNA fingerprinting technique is based on -

If a scientist wants to recover many copies of the target DNA through recombinant DNA technology, what augmentation need to be done in cloning vector ?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions. During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable. The bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. You must have noticed that bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to those made at home. This is because the bottled juices are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly, BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water.
During anaerobic sludge digestion, bacteria produce the biogas. The composition of this biogas is -

How many haploid cells will be formed after first meiotic division of one primary spermatocyte ?

Read the following paragraph and answer the given questions.
Repeated amplification is achieved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase (isolated from a bacterium, Thermus aquaticus), which remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded DNA. The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. The convention for naming these enzymes is the first letter of the name comes from the genus and the second two letters come from the species of the prokaryotic cell from which they were isolated, e.g., EcoRI comes from Escherichia coli RY 13. In EcoRI, the letter 'R' is derived from the name of strain. Roman numbers following the names indicate the order in which the enzymes were isolated from that strain of bacteria. Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer accomplished this in 1972 by isolating the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of DNA from a plasmid which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance. Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA, RNA, protein, polysaccharides etc. The RNA can be removed by treatment with ribonuclease whereas proteins can be removed by treatment with protease. Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of chilled ethanol.

In the PCR, the thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme is obtained from:

Carbonyl carbon in acetone is \(\mathrm{sp}^2\) hybridized. The C-O-C bond angle and the geometry of acetone is.......

In Young's double slits experiment, if the ratio of the width of the two slits is 25 : 1, what is the ratio of intensity at the maxima and minima in the interference pattern?

The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improves nutritional quality of curd by increasing the content of -

Ethanoic acid can be converted into ethanol using reagent

The wavelength of second line of Balmer series in terms of Rydberg constant R is

A moving coil galvanometer has a coil of effective area \( A \), number of turns \( N \). The magnetic field \( B \) is radial. If current \( I \) is passed through the coil, the torque acting on the coil is: